{"id":16579,"date":"2024-12-30T11:22:29","date_gmt":"2024-12-30T07:52:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/?p=16579"},"modified":"2024-12-30T11:22:29","modified_gmt":"2024-12-30T07:52:29","slug":"6-different-ways-to-do-ajax-calls-in-javascript","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/zh\/tutorials\/6-different-ways-to-do-ajax-calls-in-javascript\/","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript \u4e2d\u53d1\u8d77 Ajax \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 6 \u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n

JavaScript \u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528 Ajax\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5927\u6539\u5584\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u8868\u5355\u3001\u6295\u7968\u548c\u8bc4\u5206\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u804a\u5929\u5ba4\u7b49\u7b49\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u8d77 AJAX \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002.<\/p>\n

1. XHR<\/h2>\n

XMLHttpRequest \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u662f\u539f\u751f\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728 Microsoft Internet Explorer \u4e2d\u662f ActiveX \u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7f51\u9875\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u3002\u7528\u6237\u7ee7\u7eed\u6d4f\u89c8\u540c\u4e00\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u9875\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u6216\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 XMLHttpRequest \u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fee\u6539\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u5df2\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u91cd\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 XHR \u53d1\u9001 GET \u8bf7\u6c42<\/h5>\n
\n
const Http = new XMLHttpRequest();\r\nconst url='http:\/\/yourdomain.com\/';\r\nHttp.open(\"GET\", url);\r\nHttp.send();\r\nHttp.onreadystatechange=(e)=>{\r\nconsole.log(Http.responseText)\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 XHR \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h5>\n
\n
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();\r\nxhr.open(\"POST\", '\/submit', true);\r\nxhr.setRequestHeader(\"Content-Type\", \"application\/x-www-form-urlencoded\");\r\nxhr.onreadystatechange = function() {\r\nif (this.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE && this.status === 200) {\r\n\/\/ Request finished. Do processing here.\r\n}\r\n}\r\nxhr.send(\"name=Ketan&id=1\");<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
2. \u83b7\u53d6 API<\/h2>\n
Fetch API \u662f XMLHttpRequest \u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u68c0\u7d22\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u65b0\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4e0e XMLHttpRequest \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u96c6\u548c\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u547d\u540d\u3002Fetch \u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f7f\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u6613\u7528\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6 AJAX HTTP \u5e93\u6700\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u88ab\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3 Web \u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u652f\u6301\u3002Fetch \u91c7\u7528\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373 Fetch \u53d1\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a Promise\uff0c\u8be5 Promise \u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u6790\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a Response \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 Fetch API \u7684\u597d\u5904<\/h5>\n
    \n
  • \u5b83\u7075\u6d3b\u6613\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u627f\u8bfa\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u56de\u8c03\u5730\u72f1<\/li>\n
  • \u6240\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5747\u652f\u6301<\/li>\n
  • \u9075\u5faa\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528 Fetch API \u7684\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h5>\n
      \n
    • \u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u53d1\u9001cookie\u3002<\/li>\n
    • CORS \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5904\u4e8e\u7981\u7528\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \u5728 Fetch API \u4e2d\u53d1\u51fa GET \u8bf7\u6c42<\/h5>\n
      \n
      fetch('https:\/\/www.yourdomain.com', {\r\nmethod: 'get'\r\n})\r\n.then(response => response.json())\r\n.then(jsonData => console.log(jsonData))\r\n.catch(err => {\r\n\/\/error block\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
      \u5728 Fetch API \u4e2d\u53d1\u51fa POST \u8bf7\u6c42<\/h5>\n
      \n
      var url = 'https:\/\/www.yourdomain.com\/updateProfile';\r\nvar data = {username: 'courseya'};\r\nfetch(url, {\r\nmethod: 'POST', \/\/ or 'PUT'\r\nbody: JSON.stringify(data), \/\/ data can be `string` or {object}!\r\nheaders:{\r\n'Content-Type': 'application\/json'\r\n}\r\n}).then(res => res.json())\r\n.then(response => console.log('Success:', JSON.stringify(response)))\r\n.catch(error => console.error('Error:', error));<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
      3. jQuery<\/h2>\n
      jQuery \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u70ab\u9177\u7684 Web \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5b83\u514d\u8d39\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u90fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u62e5\u6709\u4f17\u591a\u63d2\u4ef6\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u60a8\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u624b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u638c\u63e1\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u60a8\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\u3002.<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528 jQuery \u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/h5>\n
        \n
      • jQuery\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u3002.<\/li>\n
      • \u5b83\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a jQuery \u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u6dfb\u52a0\u63d2\u4ef6\u3002.<\/li>\n
      • \u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u60a8\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u00ab\u66f4\u597d\u00bb\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46 jQuery \u53ca\u5176\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u56e2\u961f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u80fd\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u90e8\u7f72 jQuery\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8282\u7701\u6210\u672c\u3002.<\/li>\n
      • \u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u597d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u53d7\u5230\u7e41\u6587\u7f1b\u8282\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \u4f7f\u7528 jQuery \u7684\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h5>\n
          \n
        • \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002.<\/li>\n
        • \u76ee\u524d\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684 jQuery\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u4e0d\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u7248\u672c\u3002.<\/li>\n
        • \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cjQuery \u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4 CSS \u6162\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u4e86\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \u5728 jQuery \u4e2d\u53d1\u51fa GET \u8bf7\u6c42<\/h5>\n
          \n
          $.ajax({\r\nurl: '\/users',\r\ntype: \"GET\",\r\ndataType: \"json\",\r\nsuccess: function (data) {\r\nconsole.log(data);\r\n},\r\nerror: function (error) {\r\nconsole.log(`Error ${error}`);\r\n}\r\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528 jQuery \u53d1\u9001 POST \u8bf7\u6c42<\/h5>\n
          \n
          $.ajax({\r\nurl: '\/users',\r\ntype: \"POST\",\r\ndata: {\r\nname: \"Ipseeta\",\r\nid: 1\r\n},\r\ndataType: \"json\",\r\nsuccess: function (data) {\r\nconsole.log(data);\r\n},\r\nerror: function (error) {\r\nconsole.log(`Error ${error}`);\r\n}\r\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
          4. Axios<\/h2>\n
          Axios \u662f\u4f17\u591a\u57fa\u4e8e Promise \u7684 HTTP \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 Node.js \u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684 API \u6765\u5904\u7406 XMLHttpRequest \u548c Node.js \u7684 HTTP \u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u9488\u5bf9 ES6 \u65b0\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684 polyfill \u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002.<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528 Axios \u7684\u597d\u5904<\/h5>\n
            \n
          • \u627f\u8bfa\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f00\u7bb1\u5373\u7528\u7684\u652f\u6301<\/li>\n
          • \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u652f\u6301\u9488\u5bf9 XSRF \u7684\u4fdd\u62a4<\/li>\n
          • \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216\u56de\u590d\u4e4b\u524d\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002.<\/li>\n
          • JSON \u6570\u636e\u81ea\u52a8\u8f6c\u6362<\/li>\n
          • \u652f\u6301 Promise API<\/li>\n
          • \u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n
          • \u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n
          • \u540c\u65f6\u9002\u7528\u4e8e Node.js \u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            \u5728 Axios \u4e2d\u53d1\u51fa GET \u8bf7\u6c42<\/h5>\n
            \n
            axios.get('\/get-user', {\r\nparams: {\r\nID: 1\r\n}\r\n})\r\n.then(function (response) {\r\nconsole.log(response);\r\n})\r\n.catch(function (error) {\r\nconsole.log(error);\r\n})\r\n.then(function () {\r\n\/\/ always executed\r\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
            \u5728 Axios \u4e2d\u53d1\u51fa POST \u8bf7\u6c42<\/h5>\n
            \n
            axios.post('\/user', {\r\nname: 'Sanjeev',\r\nid: 1\r\n})\r\n.then(function (response) {\r\nconsole.log(response);\r\n})\r\n.catch(function (error) {\r\nconsole.log(error);\r\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
            5. \u8bf7\u6c42<\/h2>\n
            Request \u5e93\u662f\u8fdb\u884c HTTP \u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0e Node.js \u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u5728 GitHub \u4e0a\u62e5\u6709 1.8 \u4e07\u9897\u661f\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684 HTTP \u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002.<\/p>\n
            \u53e5\u6cd5<\/h5>\n
            \n
            var request = require('request');\r\nrequest('http:\/\/www.yourdomain.com', function (error, response, body) {\r\nconsole.log('error:', error);\r\nconsole.log('statusCode:', response && response.statusCode); \r\nconsole.log('body:', body);\r\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
            6. \u8d85\u7ea7\u7279\u5de5<\/h2>\n
            SuperAgent \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684 AJAX \u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cSuperAgent \u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u8f83\u4e3a\u5e73\u7f13\u3002SuperAgent \u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u63a5\u53d7 GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE \u548c HEAD \u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002.<\/p>\n
            \u8d85\u7ea7\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u798f\u5229<\/h5>\n
              \n
            • \u5b83\u62e5\u6709\u57fa\u4e8e\u63d2\u4ef6\u7684\u73af\u5883\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u6269\u5c55\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002.<\/li>\n
            • \u6613\u4e8e\u8c03\u8282<\/li>\n
            • \u53cb\u597d\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u63a5\u53e3\u3002.<\/li>\n
            • \u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u94fe\u5f0f\u51fd\u6570\u3002.<\/li>\n
            • \u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u793a\u4e0a\u4f20\u548c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8fdb\u5ea6\u3002.<\/li>\n
            • \u5b83\u652f\u6301\u5206\u6bb5\u4f20\u8f93\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002.<\/li>\n
            • \u652f\u6301\u65e7\u5f0f\u547c\u53eb\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u8bb8\u591a\u5e38\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              \u53d1\u51fa GET \u8bf7\u6c42<\/h5>\n
              \n
              request\r\n.get('\/user')\r\n.query({ id: 1 })\r\n.then(res => {\r\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
              \u53d1\u8d77\u5e16\u5b50\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h5>\n
              \n
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