{"id":16521,"date":"2024-12-15T01:17:53","date_gmt":"2024-12-14T21:47:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/?p=16521"},"modified":"2024-12-15T01:17:53","modified_gmt":"2024-12-14T21:47:53","slug":"how-to-connect-mongodb-with-node-js-using-mongoose","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/zh\/tutorials\/how-to-connect-mongodb-with-node-js-using-mongoose\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 MONGOOSE \u5c06 MongoDB \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 NODE.JS\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n

MongoDB \u662f\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684 NoSQL \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4ee5\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5f55\u79f0\u4e3a\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5176\u952e\u503c\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e JSON \u6570\u636e\u3002MongoDB \u56e0\u5176\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u800c\u5907\u53d7\u9752\u7750\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7374\uff1f<\/h2>\n

Mongoose \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e Promise \u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21 (ODM) \u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e Node.js \u6846\u67b6\u3002Mongoose \u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u60a8\u4e0e MongoDB \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5efa\u6a21 MongoDB \u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u7f16\u5199\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\/\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002Mongoose \u4f7f\u60a8\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 MongoDB \u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002.
\n\u672c\u6307\u5357\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 Mongoose \u5c06 MongoDB \u8fde\u63a5\u5230 Node.js\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/h5>\n

\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u672c\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5 Node.js\u3002MongoDB \u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5df2\u5728 MongoDB Atlas \u4e91\u5e10\u6237\u4e0a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u521b\u5efa Node.js \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002Postman \u4e5f\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6e Node.js Mongoose \u9879\u76ee\uff1a\u8981\u521b\u5efa Node.js \u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8bf7\u8f6c\u5230\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c `npm init -y`\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5b89\u88c5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff1aExpress \u2014 \u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa Node.js HTTP \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002Mongoose \u2014 \u7528\u4e8e\u5728 Node.js \u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406 MongoDB \u7684 ODM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6a21\u5757\uff09\u3002.<\/p>\n

\n
npm install mongoose --save\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5728Node.js\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Mongoose\u548cMongoDB\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1 \u8981\u4f7f\u7528Mongoose\u4e0eMongoose\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u8bf7\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3adb.js\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u914d\u7f6eMongoose\u8fde\u63a5\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5bfc\u5165 Mongoose \u5e93\uff1a<\/h2>\n
\n
const connectDB = async () => {\r\ntry {\r\nconst conn = await mongoose.connect(`mongodb:\/\/localhost:27017\/test`, {\r\nuseNewUrlParser: true,\r\n});\r\nconsole.log(`MongoDB Connected: {conn.connection.host}`);\r\n} catch (error) {\r\nconsole.error(error.message);\r\nprocess.exit(1);\r\n}\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 MongoDB \u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u672c\u5730\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cMongoose \u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230 `<database_name>`\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d `<database_name>` \u662f\u60a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u8f93\u5165\u6b63\u786e\u7684 URI\uff0c\u8be5 URI \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u672c\u5730 MongoDB \u5b89\u88c5\u6216 MongoDB Atlas cloud.mongodb:\/\/localhost:27017test\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5bfc\u51fa connectDB \u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
module.exports = connectDB;<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5bfc\u5165 db.js \u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
const express = require('express');\r\nconst connectDB = require('.\/db'); <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0 Express \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
\/\/ express\r\nconst app = express();\r\n\/\/body parser\r\napp.use(express.json());<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8fd0\u884c connectDB() \u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
\/\/connect to database\r\nconnectDB();<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
\/\/ routes\r\n\/\/ We will add these routes later in this guide.<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5728\u672c\u5730\u4e3b\u673a\u7aef\u53e3\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
onst PORT = process.env.PORT || 5000;\r\napp.listen(PORT, () => console.log(`Server running on port {PORT}`));<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 Mongoose \u5bf9 Schema \u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21<\/h2>\n
\u6a21\u578b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 MongoDB \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8bf7\u6309\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa model.js \u6587\u4ef6\u548c Mongoose \u96c6\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
const {\r\nSchema,\r\nmodel\r\n} = require(\"mongoose\");\r\nconst MySchema = new Schema({\r\nname: {\r\ntype: String,\r\nrequired: true,\r\nmaxlength: 50\r\n},\r\ncreatedAt: {\r\ntype: Date,\r\ndefault: Date.now,\r\n},\r\n});\r\nconst TaskModel = model(\"test\", MySchema)\r\nmodule.exports = TaskModel<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a MySchema \u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6267\u884c mongoose.Schema \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e Mongoose \u5728 MongoDB \u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8bf7\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a
\n\u540d\u79f0 \u2013 \u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u88ab\u521b\u5efa\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e94\u5341\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5fc5\u586b\u9879\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a true\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u542b\u6b64\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002
\ncreateAt \u5b57\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u6863\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65e5\u671f\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u65e5\u671f\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 Mongoose schema \u5411\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u8981\u5411\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8bf7\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a controller.js \u6587\u4ef6\u3002.
\n\u4ece\u6a21\u578b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165 MySchema const Task = require('.\/model');
\n\u5411\u4efb\u52a1\u96c6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a POST \u8def\u5f84\u3002.<\/p>\n
\n
exports.createTask = async (req, res) => {\r\ntry {\r\n\/\/ get the task from the body\r\nconst taskData = await req.body;\r\n\/\/create a new task then save\r\nawait Task.create(taskData)\r\n.then((createdTask) => {\r\nif (!createdTask) return res.status(404)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nmessage: \"Task creation failed\",\r\nerror: \"Unable get created task\"\r\n})\r\nres.status(201)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: true,\r\ncreatedTask\r\n})\r\n})\r\n.catch((error) => {\r\nres.status(404)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nerror: error.message\r\n})\r\n})\r\n} catch (error) {\r\nres.status(500)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nmessage: \"Internal server error\"\r\n})\r\n}\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u6062\u590d\u6240\u6709\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a<\/h2>\n
\u5c06\u6b64\u4ee3\u7801\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 controller.js \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a GET \u8def\u7531\u3002.<\/p>\n
\n
exports.createTask = async (req, res) => {\r\ntry {\r\n\/\/ get the task from the body\r\nconst taskData = await req.body;\r\n\/\/create a new task then save\r\nawait Task.create(taskData)\r\n.then((createdTask) => {\r\nif (!createdTask) return res.status(404)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nmessage: \"Task creation failed\",\r\nerror: \"Unable get created task\"\r\n})\r\nres.status(201)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: true,\r\ncreatedTask\r\n})\r\n})\r\n.catch((error) => {\r\nres.status(404)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nerror: error.message\r\n})\r\n})\r\n} catch (error) {\r\nres.status(500)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nmessage: \"Internal server error\"\r\n})\r\n}\r\n}\r\nexports.getTasks = async (req, res) => {\r\n\/\/get all the data in the model and return it as response\r\ntry {\r\nTask.find()\r\n.then((allTasks) => {\r\nres.status(200)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: true,\r\nallTasks\r\n})\r\n})\r\n.catch((error) => {\r\nres.status(404)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nmessage: \"Cant fined \",\r\nerror\r\n})\r\n})\r\n} catch (error) {\r\nres.status(500)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nmessage: \"Internal server error\",\r\nerror: error.message\r\n})\r\n}\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8def\u7531\uff1a<\/h2>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u7531\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a routes.js \u7684\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u6dfb\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
const router = require(\"express\")\r\n.Router()\r\nconst controller = require('.\/controller')\r\nrouter\r\n.post('\/', controller.createTask)\r\n.get('\/', controller.getTasks)\r\nmodule.exports = router<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728 server.js \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8def\u7531\u3002.<\/p>\n
\n
const router = require('.\/routes')\r\napp.use('\/tasks', router)<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 Postman \u53d1\u9001 POST \u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
\u8981\u68c0\u7d22\u5df2\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 Postman \u53d1\u9001\u5982\u4e0b GET \u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
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