{"id":16387,"date":"2024-11-17T17:43:49","date_gmt":"2024-11-17T14:13:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/?p=16387"},"modified":"2024-11-17T17:43:49","modified_gmt":"2024-11-17T14:13:49","slug":"how-to-install-python-3-and-set-up-a-programming-environment-on-an-ubuntu-22-04-server","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/zh\/tutorials\/how-to-install-python-3-and-set-up-a-programming-environment-on-an-ubuntu-22-04-server\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728 Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5 Python 3 \u5e76\u642d\u5efa\u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n

Python\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6027\uff0cPython\u5728\u811a\u672c\u7f16\u5199\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u3002\u8be5\u8bed\u8a00\u4e8e1991\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u7075\u611f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u559c\u5267\u56e2\u4f53Monty Python\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8ba9Python\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528\u8d77\u6765\u5145\u6ee1\u4e50\u8da3\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u5728 Ubuntu 22.04 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u642d\u5efa Python 3 \u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7a0b\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u3002\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55 Debian Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6<\/h5>\n

\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5728 Ubuntu 22.04 \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u62e5\u6709 sudo \u6743\u9650\u7684\u975e root \u7528\u6237\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u6b65\u9aa4 1 \u2014 \u8bbe\u7f6e Python 3<\/h2>\n

Ubuntu 22.04 \u548c\u5176\u4ed6 Debian Linux \u7248\u672c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86 Python 3\u3002\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u7248\u672c\u4e3a\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u8bf7\u66f4\u65b0\u672c\u5730\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5217\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
sudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u7136\u540e\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
sudo apt -y upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
-y \u6807\u5fd7\u786e\u8ba4\u60a8\u540c\u610f\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u60a8\u7684 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5347\u7ea7\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u5176\u4ed6\u63d0\u793a\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u68c0\u67e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684 Python 3 \u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
python3 -V<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u7ec8\u7aef\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
Python 3.10.4<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ba1\u7406 Python \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u5b89\u88c5 pip\u3002pip \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 pip \u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002 \u5982\u4f55\u5728 Python 3 \u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757<\/strong> \u8bfb\u3002.<\/p>\n
\n
sudo apt install -y python3-pip<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5 Python \u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
pip3 install package_name<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc \u5305\u540d<\/strong> \u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u4efb\u4f55 Python \u5305\u6216\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u4e8e Web \u5f00\u53d1\u7684 Django \u6216\u7528\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684 NumPy\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u5b89\u88c5 NumPy\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
pip3 install numpy<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u62e5\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
sudo apt install -y build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python3-dev<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u597d Python \u5e76\u5b89\u88c5 pip \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u60a8\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\u8bbe\u7f6e\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e86\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u6b65\u9aa4 2 \u2014 \u8bbe\u7f6e\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/h2>\n
\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u4e3a Python \u9879\u76ee\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u4ed6\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u642d\u5efa\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63a7\u5236 Python \u9879\u76ee\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u65f6\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684 Python \u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6784\u6210\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u6240\u9700\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u5728 Python \u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u7f16\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 venv \u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u662f Python 3 \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8981\u5b89\u88c5 venv\uff0c\u8bf7\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
sudo apt install -y python3-venv<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u8981\u653e\u7f6e\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528 mkdir \u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
mkdir environments<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u60a8\u5c06\u5b58\u653e\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
cd environments<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5bfc\u822a\u5230\u6240\u9700\u76ee\u5f55\u540e\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
python3 -m venv my_env<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0cpyvenv \u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u65b0\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 ls \u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
ls my_env<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
bin include lib lib64 pyvenv.cfg<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u5171\u540c\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u6587\u4ef6\u6df7\u6742\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u90fd\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5148\u542f\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u542f\u7528\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u6fc0\u6d3b\u811a\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
source my_env\/bin\/activate<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u60a8\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u73af\u5883\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u9884\u89c8\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a my_env\u3002\u6839\u636e\u60a8\u7684 Debian Linux \u7248\u672c\uff0c\u9884\u89c8\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u80fd\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u62ec\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u60a8\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u9884\u89c8\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec my_env \u73af\u5883\u73b0\u5728\u5904\u4e8e\u6d3b\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u548c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u7b14\u8bb0\uff1a<\/strong> \u5728\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 python \u547d\u4ee4\u4ee3\u66ff python3\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 pip \u4ee3\u66ff pip3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5728\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u5916\u4f7f\u7528 Python 3\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 python3 \u548c pip3 \u547d\u4ee4\u3002.<\/span><\/p>\n
\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u64cd\u4f5c\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u7684\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u5373\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u6b65\u9aa4 3 \u2014 \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u201cHello, World\u201d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u201d<\/h2>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u5df2\u7ecf\u642d\u5efa\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201cHello, World!\u201d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u66f4\u719f\u6089Python\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8bf7\u6253\u5f00\u7c7b\u4f3c nano \u7684\u7ec8\u7aef\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
nano hello.py<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u540e\uff0c\u6309\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u5199\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
print(\"Hello, World!\")<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u9000\u51fanano\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8bf7\u6309CTRL + X\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309Y\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6309ENTER\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u9000\u51fa\u7f16\u8f91\u5668\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de shell \u540e\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
python hello.py<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u60a8\u521b\u5efa\u7684 hello.py \u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
Hello, World!<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8981\u9000\u51fa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8bf7\u952e\u5165 deactivate \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u679c<\/h2>\n
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