{"id":15920,"date":"2024-07-19T03:16:10","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T23:46:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/?p=15920"},"modified":"2024-07-19T03:16:10","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T23:46:10","slug":"how-to-use-git-branches","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/zh\/tutorials\/how-to-use-git-branches\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 Git \u5206\u652f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n

\u672c\u6587\u662f\u00ab\u4f7f\u7528 Git\u00bb\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc7\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5047\u8bbe\u60a8\u5df2\u9605\u8bfb\u8fc7\u5b89\u88c5\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u5982\u4f55\u9ad8\u6548\u4f7f\u7528 Git \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u9886\u57df\uff0cGit \u65e0\u7591\u662f\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9 Git \u66f4\u597d\u5730\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u548c\u73af\u5883\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u5c06\u6559\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff08master \u548c development\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u652f\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u5206\u652f\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u5206\u652f\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5177\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u4ed3\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u540d\u4e3a\u201cmaster\u201d\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770b\u5206\u652f<\/h2>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5206\u652f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u6709\u5206\u652f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u6709\u5206\u652f\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n
git branch -a\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u672b\u5c3e\u6dfb\u52a0\u201c-a\u201d\u544a\u8bc9 GIT\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u533a\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u5206\u652f\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
* master remotes\/origin\/master\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u201cmaster\u201d\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684\u661f\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8be5\u5206\u652f\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u5219\u8868\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a origin \u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a master\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u5206\u652f\u4e86\uff0c\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u521b\u5efa\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u4e86\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5206\u652f<\/h2>\n
\u6b63\u5982\u672c\u6587\u5f00\u5934\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u73af\u5883\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u00abmaster\u00bb\u5206\u652f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u4ea7\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5206\u652f\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u6216\u9884\u751f\u4ea7\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a develop \u7684\u65b0\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u8bf7\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
git checkout -b develop\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u540d\u4e3a\u201cdevelopment\u201d\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5219\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
Switched to a new branch 'develop'\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u540d\u5206\u652f\uff0cGit \u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
fatal: A branch named 'develop' already exists.\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 git checkout \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u4e4b\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u5207\u6362\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
git checkout master\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u6216\u8005<\/p>\n
\n
git checkout develop\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u5207\u6362\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
Switched to branch 'master'\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982<\/p>\n
\n
git checkout nosuchbranch\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Git \u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
error: pathspec 'nosuchbranch' did not match any file(s) known to git.\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u597d\u597d\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5f00\u53d1\u201d\u5206\u652f\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3b\u5206\u652f\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u53d1\u5e03\u66f4\u6539\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u6f14\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u56de\u5230\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u652f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
git checkout develop\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u652f\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6539<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201cdevelop\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u5c06\u5176\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e3b\u5206\u652f\u4e4b\u524d\uff08\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u4e2d\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u3002.<\/p>\n
\n
touch develop\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5c31\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6559\u7a0b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u544a\u8bc9 git \u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6dfb\u52a0\u201cdevelop\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
git add develop\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u96c6\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201cdevelop\u201d\u7684\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230 GIT \u4e2d\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4ea4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u7684\u201c\u5f00\u53d1\u201d\u5206\u652f\u3002.<\/p>\n
\n
git commit -m \"develop file\" develop\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u73b0\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u652f\u4e2d\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5373\u5c06\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5206\u652f\u4e2d\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u5f53\u524d\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u652f\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
git branch\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5e94\u4e0e\u4e0b\u56fe\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
* develop master\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5206\u652f\u540d\u79f0\u65c1\u8fb9\u7684\u661f\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8be5\u5206\u652f\u4e0a\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u201cls\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u5728\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
ls<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u540d\u4e3a\u201cfile\u201d\u548c\u201cdevelop\u201d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
develop file\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u5408\u5e76\u5206\u652f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801<\/h2>\n
\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5207\u6362\u56de\u539f\u59cb\u5206\u652f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 git checkout \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
git checkout master\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u6211\u4eec\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5206\u652f\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
git branch\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u7528\u661f\u53f7\u8868\u793a\u3002.<\/p>\n
\n
develop * master\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u518d\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u201cls\u201d\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86\u3002.<\/p>\n
\n
\n
file<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u4e22\u5931\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u652f\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5206\u652f\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee3\u8868\u5bf9\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u652f\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u6295\u5165\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\uff08\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5206\u652f\u4e4b\u95f4\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ece\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u652f\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u5206\u652f\uff09\u79fb\u52a8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u79f0\u4e3a\u5408\u5e76\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u5408\u5e76\u65f6\u52a1\u5fc5\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8981\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u7684\u5206\u652f\u4e0a\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5c06\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u652f\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u201cdevelop\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e3b\u5206\u652f\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u4e3b\u5206\u652f\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u5408\u5e76\u547d\u4ee4\u5373\u53ef\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5408\u5e76\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u4e00\u201c--no-ff\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b Git \u4fdd\u7559\u5408\u5e76\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63d0\u4ea4\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c06\u6765\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8ddf\u8e2a\u66f4\u6539\u3002.<\/p>\n
\u8981\u5c06\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u652f\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4e3b\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u8bf7\u952e\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
git merge develop --no-ff\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy. 0 files changed create mode 100644 develop\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u518d\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c ls \u547d\u4ee4\u786e\u8ba4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u201cdevelop\u201d\u6587\u4ef6\u73b0\u5728\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u5206\u652f\u4e2d\u3002.<\/p>\n
\n
develop file\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u6b64\u66f4\u6539\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u63a8\u9001\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9 git push \u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u6b64\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002.<\/p>\n
\n
git push\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u60a8\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u60a8\u5df2\u5c06\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u652f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u5206\u652f\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n
Counting objects: 4, done. Delta compression using up to 2 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (3\/3), done. Writing objects: 100% (3\/3), 332 bytes, done. Total 3 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0) To ssh:\/\/git@git.domain.tld\/repository 9af2dcb..53649cf master -> master\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u7ed3\u679c<\/h2>\n
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