{"id":15018,"date":"2024-03-13T18:37:13","date_gmt":"2024-03-13T15:07:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/?p=15018"},"modified":"2024-03-13T18:37:13","modified_gmt":"2024-03-13T15:07:13","slug":"working-with-docker-containers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/zh\/tutorials\/working-with-docker-containers\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528 Docker \u5bb9\u5668"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n

Docker \u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u5316\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u9700\u4e00\u5207\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 Docker \u5bb9\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65e0\u8bba\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u4f55\u5904\u90fd\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u73af\u5883\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7b80\u8981\u6982\u8ff0 Docker \u955c\u50cf\u548c Docker \u5bb9\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u505c\u6b62\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5bb9\u5668\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06 Docker \u955c\u50cf\u89c6\u4e3a\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa Docker \u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u88f8\u673a\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u955c\u50cf\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u6839\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u53ea\u8bfb\u5c42\u5f62\u5f0f\u6dfb\u52a0\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u6539\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6267\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e0e\u5178\u578b\u7684 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cDocker \u955c\u50cf\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u8fd0\u884c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u88f8\u673a\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u955c\u50cf\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6784\u6210\u4e86 Docker \u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 `docker run` \u547d\u4ee4\u542f\u52a8\u955c\u50cf\uff0c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u955c\u50cf\u4e4b\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u8bfb\u5199\u5c42\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5728\u8bfb\u5199\u5c42\u4e4b\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u53ea\u8bfb\u5c42\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8054\u5408\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5f53\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u66f4\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u4ece\u53ea\u8bfb\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8bfb\u5199\u5c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8bfb\u5199\u5c42\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u8bfb\u5199\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u4f1a\u9690\u85cf\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5220\u9664\u5b83\u3002\u8bfb\u5199\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u5bb9\u5668\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u4fdd\u7559\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6240\u6709\u66f4\u6539\u90fd\u5c06\u4e22\u5931\u3002.<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 Docker \u5bb9\u5668<\/h5>\n
    \n
  1. \u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a Docker \u5bb9\u5668<\/li>\n
  2. \u91cd\u542f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u5220\u9664\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528\u5bb9\u5668<\/h2>\n

    \u6bcf\u6b21\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6 docker run<\/code> \u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u60a8\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \u6b65\u9aa4 1\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668<\/h2>\n

    \u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4 Docker<\/code> \u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528 Ubuntu \u57fa\u7840\u955c\u50cf\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bb9\u5668\u3002. -t<\/code> \u5b83\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\uff0c -\u6211<\/code> \u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e4b\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9075\u5faaUbuntu\u57fa\u7840\u955c\u50cfDocker\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c \u72c2\u6b22<\/code>\u6211\u4eec\u4f9d\u9760\u5b83\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u5c01\u95ed\u8d77\u6765\u3002.<\/p>\n

    \n
    docker run -ti ubuntu<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5 root \u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8fdb\u5165\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7740 12 \u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u5bb9\u5668 ID\u3002.<\/p>\n
    \n
    root@11cc47339ee1:\/#<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u53cd\u5c04\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u66f4\u6539 \/tmp<\/code> \u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528 \u732b<\/code> \u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u786e\u8ba4\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002.<\/p>\n
    \n
    echo \"Example1\" > \/tmp\/Example1.txt\r\ncat \/tmp\/Example1.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    Output\r\nExample1\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u79bb\u5f00\u96c6\u88c5\u7bb1\u5427\u3002.<\/p>\n
    \n
    exit<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    Docker \u5bb9\u5668\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9000\u51fa bash shell \u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u5df2\u7ecf\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4 \u9644\u8a00<\/code> \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u663e\u793a\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002.<\/p>\n
    \n
    docker ps<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    Output\r\nCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u65d7\u5e1c -\u4e00\u4e2a <\/code>\u6dfb\u52a0\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5bb9\u5668\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u5df2\u505c\u6b62\u8fd8\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\uff09\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
    docker ps -a<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    Output\r\nCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES\r\n11cc47339ee1 ubuntu \"\/bin\/bash\" 6 minutes ago Exited (127) 8 seconds ago small_sinoussi<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \u5bb9\u5668\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668 ID \u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c 11cc47339ee1<\/code> \u5bb9\u5668 ID \u548c \u5c0f\u6b63\u5f26\u6ce2 <\/code>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002. ps -a<\/code> \u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bb9\u5668\u6240\u57fa\u4e8e\u7684\u955c\u50cf\uff08Ubuntu\uff09\u3001\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u516d\u5206\u949f\u524d\uff09\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\/bin\/bash\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8f93\u51fa\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5df2\u9000\u51fa\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bb9\u5668\u5904\u4e8e\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff08\u516d\u79d2\u524d\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bb9\u5668\u4ecd\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u00abup\u00bb\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002.<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
    docker run -ti ubuntu<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u4e0d\u540c\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u67e5\u627e Example1 \u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u5b83\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
    cat \/tmp\/Example1<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    Output\r\ncat: \/tmp\/Example1: No such file or directory<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \u8fd9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u597d\u50cf\u6570\u636e\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9000\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5b83\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u90fd\u8fd8\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002.<\/p>\n
    \n
    exit<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u5217\u51fa\u5bb9\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
    docker ps -a<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    Output\r\nCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES\r\n6e4341887b69 ubuntu \"\/bin\/bash\" About a minute ago Exited (1) 6 seconds ago kickass_borg\r\n11cc47339ee1 ubuntu \"\/bin\/bash\" 13 minutes ago Exited (127) 6 minutes ago small_sinoussi<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \u6b65\u9aa4 2\uff1a\u91cd\u542f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668<\/h2>\n
    \u8981\u91cd\u542f\u73b0\u6709\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u6709 `-a` \u6807\u5fd7\u7684 `start` \u547d\u4ee4\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8be5\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528 `-i` \u6807\u5fd7\u4f7f\u5176\u53d8\u4e3a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\uff0c\u540e\u8ddf\u5bb9\u5668 ID \u6216\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8bf7\u52a1\u5fc5\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u60a8\u7684\u5bb9\u5668 ID\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
    docker start -ai 11cc47339ee1<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u5bb9\u5668 bash \u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 cat \u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u4e4b\u524d\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002.<\/p>\n
    \n
    cat \/tmp\/Example1.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    Output\r\nExample1<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9000\u51fa\u5bb9\u5668\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
    exit<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \u6b64\u8f93\u51fa\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u90e8\u6240\u505a\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u5728\u505c\u6b62\u548c\u542f\u52a8\u5bb9\u5668\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5bb9\u5668\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u6b64\u793a\u4f8b\u8fd8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u66f4\u6539\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u542f\u52a8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u955c\u50cf\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u3002.<\/p>\n
    \u6b65\u9aa4 3\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668<\/h2>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5220\u9664\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u7ed3\u675f\u672c\u7b80\u77ed\u6559\u7a0b\u3002docker rm \u547d\u4ee4\u53ea\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u5df2\u505c\u6b62\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u6216 ID\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5220\u9664\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
    docker rm 11cc47339ee1 kickass_borg<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \n
    Output\r\n11cc47339ee1\r\nkickass_borg<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u5df2\u6d88\u5931\u3002.<\/p>\n
    \u7ed3\u679c<\/h2>\n
    \n
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