{"id":16579,"date":"2024-12-30T11:22:29","date_gmt":"2024-12-30T07:52:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/?p=16579"},"modified":"2024-12-30T11:22:29","modified_gmt":"2024-12-30T07:52:29","slug":"6-different-ways-to-do-ajax-calls-in-javascript","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/tr\/tutorials\/6-different-ways-to-do-ajax-calls-in-javascript\/","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript'te Ajax \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 Yapman\u0131n 6 Farkl\u0131 Yolu"},"content":{"rendered":"

girii\u015f<\/h2>\n

JavaScript'te Ajax'\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rman\u0131n, kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirebilecek bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 yolu vard\u0131r; \u00f6rne\u011fin sunucuya veri g\u00f6nderme, kullan\u0131c\u0131 adlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etme, otomatik tamamlama formlar\u0131 olu\u015fturma, oylama ve derecelendirme, sohbet odalar\u0131 olu\u015fturma ve daha fazlas\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu makale, AJAX \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan farkl\u0131 se\u00e7eneklerin en g\u00fcncel listesi hakk\u0131nda bilgi i\u00e7ermektedir. Basit\u00e7e anlatmak gerekirse, bu se\u00e7eneklerin ne oldu\u011funa odaklanal\u0131m; her se\u00e7ene\u011fin avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1. XHR<\/h2>\n

XMLHttpRequest, bir web sayfas\u0131n\u0131n sunucuya istek g\u00f6ndermesine ve sayfan\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 yeniden y\u00fcklemeden yan\u0131t almas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yan bir nesnedir (\u00e7o\u011fu taray\u0131c\u0131da yerel bir bile\u015fen, Microsoft Internet Explorer'da ise bir ActiveX nesnesi). Kullan\u0131c\u0131, sayfa yeniden y\u00fcklenmemi\u015f gibi ayn\u0131 sayfada devam eder ve daha da \u00f6nemlisi, i\u015flemeyi g\u00f6rmez veya fark etmez - yani, en az\u0131ndan varsay\u0131lan olarak, yeni bir sayfa y\u00fcklemesi g\u00f6rmez.<\/p>\n

XMLHttpRequest nesnesini kullanmak, geli\u015ftiricinin sunucudan gelen verilerle taray\u0131c\u0131da zaten y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olan bir sayfay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine olanak tan\u0131r; b\u00f6ylece sayfan\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 sunucudan yeniden istemeye gerek kalmaz.<\/p>\n

XHR kullanarak GET iste\u011fi olu\u015fturma<\/h5>\n
\n
const Http = new XMLHttpRequest();\r\nconst url='http:\/\/yourdomain.com\/';\r\nHttp.open(\"GET\", url);\r\nHttp.send();\r\nHttp.onreadystatechange=(e)=>{\r\nconsole.log(Http.responseText)\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
XHR kullanarak g\u00f6nderme iste\u011fi olu\u015fturma<\/h5>\n
\n
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();\r\nxhr.open(\"POST\", '\/submit', true);\r\nxhr.setRequestHeader(\"Content-Type\", \"application\/x-www-form-urlencoded\");\r\nxhr.onreadystatechange = function() {\r\nif (this.readyState === XMLHttpRequest.DONE && this.status === 200) {\r\n\/\/ Request finished. Do processing here.\r\n}\r\n}\r\nxhr.send(\"name=Ketan&id=1\");<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
2. Fetch API<\/h2>\n
Fetch API, sunucudan kaynaklar\u0131 almak i\u00e7in XMLHttpRequest'e yeni bir alternatiftir. XMLHttpRequest'ten farkl\u0131 olarak, daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00f6zellik setine ve daha anlaml\u0131 isimlere sahiptir. Fetch ayr\u0131ca s\u00f6zdizimi ve yap\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde esnek ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolayd\u0131r. Ancak, onu di\u011fer AJAX HTTP k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinden ay\u0131ran \u015fey, t\u00fcm modern web taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmesidir. Fetch, istek-yan\u0131t yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 izler; Fetch bir istekte bulunur ve bir Response nesnesine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenen bir s\u00f6z (promise) d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Fetch API kullanman\u0131n faydalar\u0131<\/h5>\n
    \n
  • Esnek ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolayd\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • Promises sayesinde "Callback Hell" (geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f aramalar\u0131) sorunundan kurtulabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00fcm modern taray\u0131c\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmektedir.<\/li>\n
  • \u0130stek-yan\u0131t yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 izler.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    Fetch API kullanman\u0131n dezavantajlar\u0131<\/h5>\n
      \n
    • Varsay\u0131lan olarak \u00e7erez g\u00f6ndermez.<\/li>\n
    • CORS varsay\u0131lan olarak devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      Fetch API'de GET iste\u011fi olu\u015fturma<\/h5>\n
      \n
      fetch('https:\/\/www.yourdomain.com', {\r\nmethod: 'get'\r\n})\r\n.then(response => response.json())\r\n.then(jsonData => console.log(jsonData))\r\n.catch(err => {\r\n\/\/error block\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
      Fetch API'de POST iste\u011fi olu\u015fturma<\/h5>\n
      \n
      var url = 'https:\/\/www.yourdomain.com\/updateProfile';\r\nvar data = {username: 'courseya'};\r\nfetch(url, {\r\nmethod: 'POST', \/\/ or 'PUT'\r\nbody: JSON.stringify(data), \/\/ data can be `string` or {object}!\r\nheaders:{\r\n'Content-Type': 'application\/json'\r\n}\r\n}).then(res => res.json())\r\n.then(response => console.log('Success:', JSON.stringify(response)))\r\n.catch(error => console.error('Error:', error));<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
      3. jQuery<\/h2>\n
      jQuery, harika ve muhte\u015fem web uygulamalar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullanabilece\u011finiz istemci taraf\u0131 bir programlama dilidir. \u00dccretsizdir, ancak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr, kurulumu ve \u00f6\u011frenmesi nispeten kolayd\u0131r ve hayal edebilece\u011finiz veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilece\u011finiz hemen her \u015feyi yapman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131yan bir\u00e7ok eklenti ve uzant\u0131ya sahiptir. H\u0131zl\u0131ca ba\u015flayabilirsiniz ve daha sonra ger\u00e7ekten ustala\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ondan daha geli\u015fmi\u015f bir dili kullanamazs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
      jQuery kullanman\u0131n avantajlar\u0131<\/h5>\n
        \n
      • jQuery'nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck avantaj\u0131 sadeli\u011fidir.<\/li>\n
      • Ayr\u0131ca, jQuery'nin kullan\u0131c\u0131lara eklenti ekleme olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 nedeniyle inan\u0131lmaz derecede esnektir.<\/li>\n
      • Ayr\u0131ca sorunlar\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunar. Daha "iyi" \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler olabilirken, jQuery ve geli\u015ftiricileri, jQuery'yi h\u0131zl\u0131 ve etkili bir \u015fekilde uygulayabilmenizi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bir ekip olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve bu da size para tasarrufu sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
      • A\u00e7\u0131k kaynak yaz\u0131l\u0131m, geli\u015ftiriciler i\u00e7in h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve b\u00fcrokratik engeller olmadan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en iyi hizmeti sunma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        jQuery kullanman\u0131n dezavantajlar\u0131<\/h5>\n
          \n
        • Ayr\u0131ca, s\u0131k g\u00fcncellemeler, topluluk \u00fcyelerinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri sunma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/li>\n
        • \u015eu anda piyasada bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 jQuery s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc mevcut ve baz\u0131lar\u0131 di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re daha az uyumlu.<\/li>\n
        • Bazen jQuery, baz\u0131 durumlarda CSS'ye k\u0131yasla daha yava\u015f olabilir. Bu durumda, basitli\u011fi bir dezavantaja d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc istemci taraf\u0131 etkile\u015fimleri i\u00e7in uygun de\u011fildir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          jQuery'de GET iste\u011fi olu\u015fturma<\/h5>\n
          \n
          $.ajax({\r\nurl: '\/users',\r\ntype: \"GET\",\r\ndataType: \"json\",\r\nsuccess: function (data) {\r\nconsole.log(data);\r\n},\r\nerror: function (error) {\r\nconsole.log(`Error ${error}`);\r\n}\r\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
          jQuery kullanarak POST iste\u011fi olu\u015fturma<\/h5>\n
          \n
          $.ajax({\r\nurl: '\/users',\r\ntype: \"POST\",\r\ndata: {\r\nname: \"Ipseeta\",\r\nid: 1\r\n},\r\ndataType: \"json\",\r\nsuccess: function (data) {\r\nconsole.log(data);\r\n},\r\nerror: function (error) {\r\nconsole.log(`Error ${error}`);\r\n}\r\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
          4. Axios<\/h2>\n
          Axios, hem taray\u0131c\u0131da hem de Node.js ortam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, vaat tabanl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok HTTP istemcisinden biridir. Temelde XMLHttpRequest ve Node HTTP aray\u00fcz\u00fcyle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in tek bir API sa\u011flar. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, yeni ES6 s\u00f6zdizimi i\u00e7in bir polyfill kullanarak istekleri ba\u011flar.<\/p>\n
          Axios kullanman\u0131n faydalar\u0131<\/h5>\n
            \n
          • Kutudan \u00c7\u0131kar \u00c7\u0131karmaz Destek S\u00f6z\u00fc<\/li>\n
          • XSRF sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruma i\u00e7in istemci taraf\u0131 deste\u011fi.<\/li>\n
          • \u0130stekler veya yan\u0131tlar yerine getirilmeden \u00f6nce kaydedilebilir.<\/li>\n
          • JSON verileri i\u00e7in otomatik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme<\/li>\n
          • Promise API'yi destekler.<\/li>\n
          • Bir talebi d\u00fczenleyebilir veya iptal edebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n
          • Yan\u0131t s\u00fcresi ayarlanabilir.<\/li>\n
          • Hem Node.js'de hem de taray\u0131c\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
            Axios'ta GET iste\u011fi olu\u015fturma<\/h5>\n
            \n
            axios.get('\/get-user', {\r\nparams: {\r\nID: 1\r\n}\r\n})\r\n.then(function (response) {\r\nconsole.log(response);\r\n})\r\n.catch(function (error) {\r\nconsole.log(error);\r\n})\r\n.then(function () {\r\n\/\/ always executed\r\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
            Axios'ta POST iste\u011fi olu\u015fturma<\/h5>\n
            \n
            axios.post('\/user', {\r\nname: 'Sanjeev',\r\nid: 1\r\n})\r\n.then(function (response) {\r\nconsole.log(response);\r\n})\r\n.catch(function (error) {\r\nconsole.log(error);\r\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
            5. Talep<\/h2>\n
            Request k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, HTTP \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 yapman\u0131n en basit yollar\u0131ndan biridir. Yap\u0131s\u0131 ve s\u00f6zdizimi, Node.js'de isteklerin nas\u0131l i\u015flendi\u011fine \u00e7ok benzer. \u015eu anda GitHub'da 18 bin y\u0131ld\u0131za sahip olan proje, mevcut en pop\u00fcler HTTP k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinden biri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bahsetmeye de\u011fer.<\/p>\n
            S\u00f6zdizimi<\/h5>\n
            \n
            var request = require('request');\r\nrequest('http:\/\/www.yourdomain.com', function (error, response, body) {\r\nconsole.log('error:', error);\r\nconsole.log('statusCode:', response && response.statusCode); \r\nconsole.log('body:', body);\r\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
            6. S\u00fcper Ajan<\/h2>\n
            SuperAgent, okunabilirli\u011fe ve esnekli\u011fe odaklanan, hafif ve geli\u015fmi\u015f bir AJAX k\u00fct\u00fcphanesidir. Piyasadaki di\u011fer k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin aksine, SuperAgent'\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenme e\u011frisi kolayd\u0131r. SuperAgent, GET, POST, PUT, DELETE ve HEAD gibi y\u00f6ntemleri kabul eden bir istek nesnesine sahiptir.<\/p>\n
            S\u00fcper Acente Avantajlar\u0131<\/h5>\n
              \n
            • Eklenti tabanl\u0131 bir ortama ve ekosisteme sahip olup, ek veya ilave i\u015flevsellik i\u00e7in uzant\u0131lar olu\u015fturulabilir ve geli\u015ftirilebilir.<\/li>\n
            • Kolayca ayarlanabilir<\/li>\n
            • HTTP istekleri i\u00e7in g\u00fczel bir aray\u00fcz.<\/li>\n
            • \u0130stek g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in birden fazla zincirleme fonksiyon.<\/li>\n
            • Y\u00fckleme ve indirme ilerlemesini desteklemelidir.<\/li>\n
            • Par\u00e7al\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma \u015fifrelemesini desteklemektedir.<\/li>\n
            • Eski tarz aramalar desteklenmektedir.<\/li>\n
            • Bir\u00e7ok yayg\u0131n \u00f6zellik i\u00e7in \u00e7ok say\u0131da eklenti mevcuttur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              GET iste\u011fi olu\u015fturun<\/h5>\n
              \n
              request\r\n.get('\/user')\r\n.query({ id: 1 })\r\n.then(res => {\r\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
              Bir g\u00f6nderi iste\u011fi olu\u015fturun<\/h5>\n
              \n
              request.post('\/user')\r\n.set('Content-Type', 'application\/json')\r\n.send('{\"name\":\"Ipseeta\",\"id\":1}')\r\n.then(callback)\r\n.catch(errorCallback)<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
              Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n
              Se\u00e7im, projenize, \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fine, hedef kitlesine ve benimsenme oran\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Do\u011fru veya yanl\u0131\u015f bir se\u00e7im yoktur. Yanl\u0131\u015f gereksinimler i\u00e7in yanl\u0131\u015f k\u00fct\u00fcphaneyi se\u00e7erseniz, bu sorunun cevab\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. \u0130\u015f i\u00e7in do\u011fru arac\u0131 se\u00e7in.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Giri\u015f JavaScript'te Ajax'\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rman\u0131n bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 yolu vard\u0131r, bunlar\u2026","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16582,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Ajax \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskeywords":"[]","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"193","footnotes":""},"categories":[193,363],"tags":[463,384],"class_list":{"0":"post-16579","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tutorials","8":"category-programming","9":"tag-ajax","10":"tag-java-script"},"yoast_head":"\n6 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u06cc Ajax \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a - 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