{"id":16387,"date":"2024-11-17T17:43:49","date_gmt":"2024-11-17T14:13:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/?p=16387"},"modified":"2024-11-17T17:43:49","modified_gmt":"2024-11-17T14:13:49","slug":"how-to-install-python-3-and-set-up-a-programming-environment-on-an-ubuntu-22-04-server","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/tr\/tutorials\/how-to-install-python-3-and-set-up-a-programming-environment-on-an-ubuntu-22-04-server\/","title":{"rendered":"Python 3 nas\u0131l kurulur ve Ubuntu Server'da bir programlama ortam\u0131 nas\u0131l kurulur"},"content":{"rendered":"

girii\u015f<\/h2>\n

Python programlama dili, yeni ba\u015flayanlar ve profesyonel geli\u015ftiriciler aras\u0131nda giderek daha pop\u00fcler hale geliyor. Esnekli\u011fi ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sayesinde Python, betik yazma, otomasyon, veri analizi, makine \u00f6\u011frenimi ve arka u\u00e7 geli\u015ftirme alanlar\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc. Dil ilk olarak 1991 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve ad\u0131n\u0131 \u0130ngiliz komedi toplulu\u011fu Monty Python'dan ald\u0131. Geli\u015ftirme ekibi, Python'\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 e\u011flenceli bir programlama dili haline getirmeyi hedefledi.<\/p>\n

Bu e\u011fitim, Ubuntu 22.04 sunucunuzda bir Python 3 geli\u015ftirme ortam\u0131 kurman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Sunucuda programlaman\u0131n bir\u00e7ok avantaj\u0131 vard\u0131r ve geli\u015ftirme projelerinde i\u015f birli\u011fini destekler. Bu e\u011fitimin genel prensipleri, herhangi bir Debian Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na uygulanabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n ko\u015fullar<\/h5>\n

Bu e\u011fitimi takip edebilmek i\u00e7in Ubuntu 22.04 sunucusunda sudo ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na sahip k\u00f6k olmayan bir kullan\u0131c\u0131ya ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olacak.<\/p>\n

Sunucu ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 kurulumu tamamland\u0131ktan sonra ba\u015flamaya haz\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131m 1 \u2014 Python 3'\u00fc kurma<\/h2>\n

Ubuntu 22.04 ve di\u011fer Debian Linux s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri varsay\u0131lan olarak Python 3 y\u00fckl\u00fc olarak gelir. S\u00fcr\u00fcmlerin g\u00fcncel oldu\u011fundan emin olmak i\u00e7in yerel paket listenizi g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n

\n
sudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Daha sonra sisteminizde y\u00fckl\u00fc paketleri en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri kullanacak \u015fekilde g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n
\n
sudo apt -y upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
-y bayra\u011f\u0131 her \u015feyi y\u00fcklemeyi kabul etti\u011finizi onaylar, ancak Linux s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcze ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak sistemi g\u00fcncellerken ve y\u00fckseltirken ek istemleri onaylaman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u015flem tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak sisteminizde y\u00fckl\u00fc olan Python 3 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
\n
python3 -V<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Terminal penceresindeki \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 size s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterecektir. Bu numara de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebilse de, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakine benzer olacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\n
Python 3.10.4<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Python yaz\u0131l\u0131m paketlerini y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in pip'i kural\u0131m. Pip, geli\u015ftirme projelerimizde ihtiya\u00e7 duyabilece\u011fimiz programlama paketlerini y\u00fckleyip y\u00f6neten bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Pip ile y\u00fckleyebilece\u011finiz mod\u00fcller veya paketler hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in \u015fu makaleye bak\u0131n: Python 3'te mod\u00fcller nas\u0131l i\u00e7e aktar\u0131l\u0131r<\/strong> Okumak.<\/p>\n
\n
sudo apt install -y python3-pip<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Python paketleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutla kurulabilir:<\/p>\n
\n
pip3 install package_name<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Burada paket_ad\u0131<\/strong> Web geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in Django veya bilimsel hesaplamalar i\u00e7in NumPy gibi herhangi bir Python paketi veya k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini ifade edebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, NumPy'yi y\u00fcklemek istiyorsan\u0131z, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
\n
pip3 install numpy<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Sa\u011flam bir geli\u015ftirme ortam\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funuzdan emin olmak i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 ba\u015fka paket ve geli\u015ftirme arac\u0131n\u0131n da y\u00fcklenmesi gerekir:<\/p>\n
\n
sudo apt install -y build-essential libssl-dev libffi-dev python3-dev<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Python'u kurduktan ve pip ile di\u011fer ara\u00e7lar\u0131 y\u00fckledikten sonra, geli\u015ftirme projeleriniz i\u00e7in sanal bir ortam olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 2 \u2014 Sanal ortam\u0131n kurulumu<\/h2>\n
Sanal ortamlar, Python projeleriniz i\u00e7in sunucunuzda izole bir alana sahip olman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar; b\u00f6ylece her proje, di\u011fer projelerle \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmayacak bir dizi ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa sahip olabilir.<\/p>\n
Bir geli\u015ftirme ortam\u0131 kurmak, Python projeleriniz ve paketlerin farkl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini nas\u0131l y\u00f6netti\u011finiz \u00fczerinde daha fazla kontrol sahibi olman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu, \u00f6zellikle \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf paketlerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
\u0130stedi\u011finiz kadar Python programlama ortam\u0131 kurabilirsiniz. Her ortam, esasen sunucunuzda onu bir ortam haline getirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli betikler i\u00e7eren bir dizin veya klas\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Python'da bir programlama ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli yollar\u0131 olsa da, burada Python 3 standart k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan venv mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. Venv'i y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\n
sudo apt install -y python3-venv<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Bu ara\u00e7 y\u00fcklendi\u011finde, sanal ortamlar olu\u015fturmaya haz\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. \u00d6ncelikle, geli\u015ftirme ortamlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 hangi dizine yerle\u015ftirece\u011finizi se\u00e7meniz veya mkdir komutunu kullanarak yeni bir dizin olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\n
\n
mkdir environments<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Daha sonra geli\u015ftirme ortamlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yerle\u015ftirece\u011finiz dizine gidin:<\/p>\n
\n
cd environments<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u0130stedi\u011finiz dizine gitti\u011finizde sanal bir ortam olu\u015fturabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
\n
python3 -m venv my_env<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Asl\u0131nda pyvenv, ls komutuyla g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyebilece\u011finiz, i\u00e7inde birka\u00e7 \u00f6\u011fe bulunan yeni bir dizin olu\u015fturur:<\/p>\n
\n
ls my_env<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi olabilir:<\/p>\n
\n
bin include lib lib64 pyvenv.cfg<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Bu dosyalar bir araya geldi\u011finde, projelerinizin sistemin geri kalan\u0131ndan izole olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak sistem ve proje dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Bu, s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri kontrol etmenin en iyi yoludur ve ayr\u0131ca her projenizin kendi paketlerine eri\u015febilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Bu ortam\u0131 kullanmak i\u00e7in etkinle\u015ftirmeniz gerekir. Bunu, etkinle\u015ftirme beti\u011fini \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak yapabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
\n
source my_env\/bin\/activate<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Komut isteminiz art\u0131k ortam\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ad\u0131yla \u00f6nizlenecek. Bu \u00f6rnekte ortam ad\u0131 my_env'dir. Debian Linux s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcze ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00f6nizleme biraz farkl\u0131 olabilir, ancak parantez i\u00e7indeki ortam ad\u0131n\u0131z komut sat\u0131r\u0131nda g\u00f6rece\u011finiz ilk \u015fey olacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Bu \u00f6nizleme bize my_env ortam\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k aktif oldu\u011funu bildiriyor; bu da bu ortamda uygulama olu\u015fturdu\u011fumuzda, yaln\u0131zca o ortamdaki ayarlar\u0131 ve paketleri kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n
Not:<\/strong> Sanal ortamda python3 yerine python komutunu, pip3 yerine de pip komutunu kullanabilirsiniz. Sanal ortam d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Python 3 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, yaln\u0131zca python3 ve pip3 komutlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n
Bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 takip ettikten sonra sanal ortam\u0131n\u0131z kullan\u0131ma haz\u0131r olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 3 \u2014 "Merhaba D\u00fcnya" program\u0131 olu\u015fturun\u201c<\/h2>\n
Art\u0131k sanal ortam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kurdu\u011fumuza g\u00f6re, geleneksel bir "Merhaba D\u00fcnya!" program\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m. Bu program, ortam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 test etmemize ve Python'a daha a\u015fina olmam\u0131za olanak tan\u0131yacak.<\/p>\n
Bunu yapmak i\u00e7in nano gibi bir terminal metin d\u00fczenleyicisi a\u00e7\u0131n ve yeni bir dosya olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\n
\n
nano hello.py<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Dosya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra program\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi yaz\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\n
print(\"Hello, World!\")<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Dosyay\u0131 kaydedin ve nano'dan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n. Bunu yapmak i\u00e7in CTRL + X, ard\u0131ndan Y ve ENTER tu\u015flar\u0131na bas\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Edit\u00f6rden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p shell'e geri d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra program\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
\n
python hello.py<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz hello.py program\u0131 terminalde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 \u00fcretmelidir:<\/p>\n
\n
Hello, World!<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Sanal ortamdan \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in deactivate komutunu yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda ana dizininize geri d\u00f6neceksiniz.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n
Art\u0131k Ubuntu Linux sunucunuzda Python 3 geli\u015ftirme ortam\u0131n\u0131 kurdunuz ve kodlama projelerinize ba\u015flayabilirsiniz!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Giri\u015f Python programlama dili, yeni ba\u015flayanlar ve profesyonel geli\u015ftiriciler aras\u0131nda giderek daha pop\u00fcler hale geliyor. Python esnektir\u2026","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16388,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskeywords":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"193","footnotes":""},"categories":[193,363],"tags":[376,368],"class_list":{"0":"post-16387","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tutorials","8":"category-programming","9":"tag-python","10":"tag-ubuntu"},"yoast_head":"\n\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 3 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648 - \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af ITPiran<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/tr\/tutorials\/how-to-install-python-3-and-set-up-a-programming-environment-on-an-ubuntu-22-04-server\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0646 3 \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648 - \u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af ITPiran\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc Python \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a. 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