{"id":16115,"date":"2024-09-11T11:49:11","date_gmt":"2024-09-11T08:19:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/?p=16115"},"modified":"2024-09-11T11:49:11","modified_gmt":"2024-09-11T08:19:11","slug":"how-to-install-an-apache-web-server","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/tr\/tutorials\/how-to-install-an-apache-web-server\/","title":{"rendered":"Apache web sunucusu nas\u0131l kurulur ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"

girii\u015f<\/h2>\n

Apache, Apache Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Vakf\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen ve internet toplulu\u011funun kullan\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k, \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir web sunucusu yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle 80 numaral\u0131 port \u00fczerinden HTTP isteklerini dinler ve HTML belgeleri sunar. Mod\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015flevler de entegre edilebilir. MySQL gibi veritabanlar\u0131 ve PHP, Perl ve Python gibi sunucu tarafl\u0131 betik dillerinin bir kombinasyonu, dinamik sayfalar olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en pop\u00fcler web sunucusu olan Apache HTTP Sunucusu, LAMP, MAMP, WAMP ve XAMPP'\u0131 da i\u00e7eren \u00e7e\u015fitli bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m paketinin par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak bu e\u011fitimde, web sunucusunun tek bir bile\u015fen olarak nas\u0131l kurulup yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na odaklanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Kurulum ve kurulum<\/h2>\n

Windows PC'nizde Apache'yi kullanmak i\u00e7in ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olan tek \u015fey, i\u015fletim sisteminize uygun Apache yaz\u0131l\u0131m paketidir. Apache Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Vakf\u0131, kaynak kodunu yaln\u0131zca kendi web sitesinde sunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, Apache Lounge ve Apache Haus gibi topluluk sayfalar\u0131nda Windows i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir ikili dosyalar bulabilirsiniz. Bu e\u011fitim, Apache Lounge'dan edinilebilen 64 bit sistemler i\u00e7in Apache 2.4.20 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne dayanmaktad\u0131r. Apache'yi Windows ile kullanmak i\u00e7in herhangi bir kurulum gerekmez. Bunun yerine a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri yapabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Yaz\u0131l\u0131m paketini yerel Windows PC'nizdeki herhangi bir klas\u00f6re ZIP dosyas\u0131 olarak kaydedin.<\/li>\n
  2. Klas\u00f6r simgesine \u00e7ift t\u0131klayarak ZIP dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n.<\/li>\n
  3. Dosyaya Apache24 ad\u0131n\u0131 verin ve C:\\ dizinine kopyalay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Art\u0131k yerel Apache web sunucunuzu kurmak i\u00e7in gereken t\u00fcm dosyalar\u0131 C:\\Apache24 klas\u00f6r\u00fcnde bulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Deneme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/h2>\n

    Kurulumdan sonra bir test \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6nce C:\/Apache24 dizinini a\u00e7\u0131n ve bin dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n. httpd program\u0131n\u0131 burada bulacaks\u0131n\u0131z. Apache web sunucunuzu ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ift t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Daha sonra sisteminiz genellikle yaz\u0131l\u0131m bile\u015fenlerinin y\u00fcklenmesi gerekti\u011fini ve Apache web sunucusunun i\u015fletim sistemi g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan engellendi\u011fini belirten iki hata mesaj\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

    httpd.exe sistem hatas\u0131<\/h2>\n

    E\u011fer Apache'yi Windows bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131za ilk defa kuruyorsan\u0131z, sisteminiz muhtemelen VCRUNTIME140.dll dosyas\u0131n\u0131n bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirecek ve bu nedenle web sunucusu ba\u015flat\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Bu hatalar, gerekli yaz\u0131l\u0131m bile\u015fenlerinin y\u00fcklenmesiyle d\u00fczeltilebilir. Apache, C++ dilinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bu da bir program\u0131n Windows i\u015fletim sisteminde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uygun bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu, Visual C++ derleyici yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sa\u011flan\u0131r. Eksik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 bile\u015fenleri, Visual C++ yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131labilir paketleriyle y\u00fcklenebilir. Bunlar Microsoft web sitesinden \u00fccretsiz olarak indirilebilir ve .exe dosyas\u0131na \u00e7ift t\u0131klanarak kurulabilir.<\/p>\n

    Windows G\u00fcvenlik Uyar\u0131s\u0131<\/h2>\n

    Ki\u015fisel bilgisayarlar genellikle, yetkisiz harici programlar\u0131n a\u011f \u00fczerinden sisteme eri\u015fmesini engelleyen bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 ile korunur. Ancak, yerel Apache HTTP sunucunuzu ev veya i\u015f a\u011f\u0131n\u0131za ba\u011flamak istiyorsan\u0131z, Apache'nin ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a izin vermelisiniz. Bu, baz\u0131 web sunucusu i\u015flevlerinin g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan engellendi\u011fini bildiren a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00fcvenlik mesaj\u0131yla yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Belirtilen a\u011flardan birinde sunucunuza eri\u015fime izin vermek istiyorsan\u0131z, ilgili kutuyu i\u015faretleyin ve "Eri\u015fime \u0130zin Ver" butonuna t\u0131klay\u0131n. Bu genellikle y\u00f6netici haklar\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\n

    Gerekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131 bile\u015fenlerini kurup g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kendi modelinize g\u00f6re yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra, Apache HTTP sunucusunu standart yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131nda kullanmak art\u0131k bir engel te\u015fkil etmeyecektir. httpf dosyas\u0131na \u00e7ift t\u0131klayarak web sunucusunu yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n. Siyah bir komut istemi penceresi otomatik olarak a\u00e7\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Apache web sunucusunu sonland\u0131rmak isterseniz, sa\u011f \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015fedeki x i\u015faretine t\u0131klayarak pencereyi kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Web sunucunuza eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in herhangi bir web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n arama \u00e7ubu\u011funa "localhost" veya standart IP adresi olan "127.0.0.1"i girmeniz yeterlidir.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcm ayarlar do\u011fru girildi\u011finde web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 varsay\u0131lan olarak "Bu i\u015fe yar\u0131yor!" ifadesiyle index.html dosyas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyecektir, ard\u0131ndan web sunucunuzu yap\u0131land\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h2>\n

    Apache http sunucusu genellikle herhangi bir ek yap\u0131land\u0131rmaya gerek kalmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m paketi olarak \u00f6nceden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Web sunucusu \u00fczerinden eri\u015filebilmesi gereken t\u00fcm i\u00e7erik, httpd.conf yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131ndaki DocumentRoot adl\u0131 bir klas\u00f6rde saklan\u0131r. Varsay\u0131lan olarak bu, C:\\Apache24 dizinindeki htdocs klas\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Web sitenizin dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir klas\u00f6rde saklamak istiyorsan\u0131z, httpd.conf dosyas\u0131na \u00abDocumentRoot\u00bb ve \u00abDirectory\u00bb olarak girmeniz gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

    Bu g\u00f6steri i\u00e7in, C:\\ dizininde MyHomepage adl\u0131 yeni bir klas\u00f6r olu\u015fturduk. Bu klas\u00f6r, kurgusal bir web sitesinin web sayfas\u0131 klas\u00f6r\u00fc g\u00f6revi g\u00f6recek. Bu dosyada iki HTML belgesi saklan\u0131yor: test-1 ve test-2.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    \u015eimdi \u00abC:\/Apache24\/htdocs\u00bb dizininin her iki \u00f6rne\u011fini de \u00abC:\/MyHomepage\u00bb ile de\u011fi\u015ftirerek \u00abDocumentRoot\u00bb ve \u00abDirectory\u00bb bilgilerini yeni web sitesi klas\u00f6r\u00fcm\u00fcze uyarlayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Web sunucusuna eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle Apache'nin localhost \u00fczerinden yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Ard\u0131ndan web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, test-1.html ve test-2.html HTML sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren web sitesi klas\u00f6r listesini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Giri\u015f Apache, Apache Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Vakf\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen \u00fccretsiz ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir web sunucusu yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r\u2026","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16116,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u067e\u0627\u0686\u06cc","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskeywords":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"193","footnotes":""},"categories":[193,363,204,375],"tags":[390,435],"class_list":{"0":"post-16115","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tutorials","8":"category-programming","9":"category-servers","10":"category-375","11":"tag-apache","12":"tag-programming"},"yoast_head":"\n\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u067e\u0627\u0686\u06cc - 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