Node.js, sunucu tarafl\u0131 programlama i\u00e7in bir JavaScript \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131d\u0131r. Geli\u015ftiricilerin, taray\u0131c\u0131 tabanl\u0131 web geli\u015ftirmeden a\u015fina olduklar\u0131 bir dil olan JavaScript kullanarak \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir arka u\u00e7 i\u015flevselli\u011fi olu\u015fturmalar\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu k\u0131lavuzda, Ubuntu 20.04 sunucusuna Node.js'i kurman\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 yolunu g\u00f6sterece\u011fiz:<\/p>\n
Bir\u00e7ok kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in, varsay\u0131lan depo ile apt kullanmak yeterli olacakt\u0131r. Node'un daha yeni veya daha eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa, bir PPA deposu kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Aktif olarak Node uygulamalar\u0131 geli\u015ftiriyorsan\u0131z ve Node s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f yapman\u0131z gerekiyorsa, nvm y\u00f6ntemini se\u00e7in.<\/p>\n
Bu makale, Ubuntu sunucusuna Node.js kurulumu konusunda size yol g\u00f6sterecektir. E\u011fer Node uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 canl\u0131 bir sunucuya tek t\u0131kla da\u011f\u0131tman\u0131n bir yolunu ar\u0131yorsan\u0131z, DigitalOcean uygulama platformuna g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Bu k\u0131lavuzu takip etmek i\u00e7in bir Ubuntu 20.04 sunucusu kurman\u0131z gerekecektir. Ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sisteminizde sudo ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na sahip k\u00f6k olmayan bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekecektir. Bunu nas\u0131l yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, ilk Ubuntu 20.04 sunucusunu kurma hakk\u0131ndaki e\u011fitimimizi takip ederek \u00f6\u011frenebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Ubuntu 20.04, varsay\u0131lan depolar\u0131nda birden fazla sistemde tutarl\u0131 bir deneyim sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilecek bir Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7erir. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada, depolarda bulunan s\u00fcr\u00fcm 10.19'dur. Bu en son s\u00fcr\u00fcm olmayacak, ancak h\u0131zl\u0131 dil testleri i\u00e7in kararl\u0131 ve yeterli olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu s\u00fcr\u00fcme ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in apt paket y\u00f6neticisini kullanabilirsiniz. \u00d6ncelikle yerel paket listenizi yenileyin:<\/p>\n
sudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nArd\u0131ndan Node.js'i y\u00fckleyin:<\/p>\n
\nsudo apt install nodejs<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nKurulumun ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131n\u0131 sorgulay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\nnode -v<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\nOutput\r\nv10.19.0<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nE\u011fer depolardaki paket ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa, Node.js'i \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r hale getirmek i\u00e7in yapman\u0131z gereken tek \u015fey bu. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda, Node.js paket y\u00f6neticisi olan npm'i de kurmak isteyeceksiniz. Bunu, npm paketini apt ile kurarak yapabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
\nsudo apt install npm<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nBu sayede Node.js ile kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere mod\u00fcller ve paketler y\u00fckleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Bu noktada, apt ve varsay\u0131lan Ubuntu yaz\u0131l\u0131m depolar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak Node.js ve npm'i ba\u015far\u0131yla kurdunuz. Sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, Node.js'in farkl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini kurmak i\u00e7in alternatif bir depoyu nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z g\u00f6sterilecektir.<\/p>\n
Se\u00e7enek 2 \u2013 NodeSource PPA kullanarak Apt ile Node.js kurulumu<\/h2>\n
Farkl\u0131 bir Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in, NodeSource taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen PPA'lar\u0131 (Ki\u015fisel Paket Ar\u015fivi) kullanabilirsiniz. Bu PPA'lar, resmi Ubuntu depolar\u0131ndan daha fazla Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7erir. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih itibariyle Node.js v16 ve v18 s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, paketlere eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in PPA'y\u0131 kurun. Ana dizininizden, tercih etti\u011finiz s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn kurulum beti\u011fini almak i\u00e7in curl komutunu kullan\u0131n ve 16.x'i tercih etti\u011finiz s\u00fcr\u00fcm dizesiyle (farkl\u0131ysa) de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizden emin olun:<\/p>\n
\ncd ~\r\ncurl -sL https:\/\/deb.nodesource.com\/setup_16.x -o \/tmp\/nodesource_setup.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nMevcut s\u00fcr\u00fcmler hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in NodeSource belgelerine bak\u0131n.<\/p>\n
\u0130ndirilen komut dosyas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini nano veya tercih etti\u011finiz metin d\u00fczenleyiciyle kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
\nnano \/tmp\/nodesource_setup.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nKomut dosyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya haz\u0131r oldu\u011fundan emin oldu\u011funuzda, d\u00fczenleyiciden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n. Ard\u0131ndan komut dosyas\u0131n\u0131 sudo komutuyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\nsudo bash \/tmp\/nodesource_setup.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nPPA yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131za eklenecek ve yerel paket \u00f6nbelle\u011finiz otomatik olarak g\u00fcncellenecektir. Art\u0131k Node.js paketini \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z gibi kurabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
\nsudo apt install nodejs<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nNode'u -v s\u00fcr\u00fcm bayra\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn y\u00fckl\u00fc oldu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\nnode -v<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\nOutput\r\nv16.19.0<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nNodeSource nodejs paketi hem node ikilisini hem de npm'i i\u00e7erir, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla npm'i ayr\u0131ca kurman\u0131za gerek yoktur.<\/p>\n
Bu noktada, apt ve NodeSource PPA'y\u0131 kullanarak Node.js ve npm'i ba\u015far\u0131yla kurdunuz. Sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, Node Version Manager'\u0131 kullanarak Node.js'in birden fazla s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ve y\u00f6netece\u011finiz g\u00f6sterilecektir.<\/p>\n
Se\u00e7enek 3 \u2013 Node S\u00fcr\u00fcm Y\u00f6neticisini kullanarak Node'u y\u00fckleyin<\/h2>\n
Node.js'i kurman\u0131n esnek bir ba\u015fka yolu da Node S\u00fcr\u00fcm Y\u00f6neticisi olan nvm'yi kullanmakt\u0131r. Bu yaz\u0131l\u0131m, Node.js'in bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ve bunlarla ili\u015fkili Node paketlerini ayn\u0131 anda kurman\u0131za ve y\u00f6netmenize olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ubuntu 20.04 makinenize NVM'yi kurmak i\u00e7in projenin GitHub sayfas\u0131na gidin. Ana sayfada g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenen README dosyas\u0131ndan curl komutunu kopyalay\u0131n. Bu size kurulum komut dosyas\u0131n\u0131n en son s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc verecektir.<\/p>\n
Komutu bash'e iletmeden \u00f6nce, onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir \u015fey yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in komut dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek her zaman iyi bir fikirdir. Bunu, curl komutunun sonundaki | bash k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rarak yapabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
\ncurl -o- https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/nvm-sh\/nvm\/v0.39.3\/install.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nKomut dosyas\u0131n\u0131 inceleyin ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden memnun oldu\u011funuzdan emin olun. Memnun kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, komutu sonuna | bash ekleyerek tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z URL, nvm'nin en son s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fecektir, ancak \u015fu an itibariyle komut dosyas\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde indirilebilir ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n
\ncurl -o- https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/nvm-sh\/nvm\/v0.39.3\/install.sh | bash<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nBu, nvm beti\u011fini kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131n\u0131za y\u00fckleyecektir. Kullanmak i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle bashrc dosyan\u0131z\u0131 kaynak olarak kullanman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\n
\nsource ~\/.bashrc<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nArt\u0131k NVM'ye hangi Node s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn mevcut oldu\u011funu sorabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
\nnvm list-remote<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\nOutput\r\n. . .\r\nv18.0.0\r\nv18.1.0\r\nv18.2.0\r\nv18.3.0\r\nv18.4.0\r\nv18.5.0\r\nv18.6.0\r\nv18.7.0\r\nv18.8.0\r\nv18.9.0\r\nv18.9.1\r\nv18.10.0\r\nv18.11.0\r\nv18.12.0 (LTS: Hydrogen)\r\nv18.12.1 (LTS: Hydrogen)\r\nv18.13.0 (Latest LTS: Hydrogen)\r\nv19.0.0\r\nv19.0.1\r\nv19.1.0\r\nv19.2.0\r\nv19.3.0\r\nv19.4.0<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nBu \u00e7ok uzun bir liste. Listede yer alan yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerden herhangi birini yazarak Node.js'nin bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00fckleyebilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, v14.10.0 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc edinmek i\u00e7in \u015fu komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
\nnvm install v14.10.0<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nY\u00fckledi\u011finiz farkl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri listeleyerek g\u00f6rebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
\nnvm list\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\nOutput\r\n-> v14.10.0\r\nv14.21.2\r\ndefault -> v14.10.0\r\niojs -> N\/A (default)\r\nunstable -> N\/A (default)\r\nnode -> stable (-> v14.21.2) (default)\r\nstable -> 14.21 (-> v14.21.2) (default)\r\n. . .<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nBu, ilk sat\u0131rda \u015fu anda etkin olan s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc (->v14.10.0) ve ard\u0131ndan baz\u0131 takma adlar\u0131 ve bu takma adlar\u0131n referans verdi\u011fi s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Ek olarak, Node'un farkl\u0131 uzun vadeli destek (veya LTS) s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in takma adlar da mevcuttur:<\/p>\n
\nOutput\r\nlts\/* -> lts\/hydrogen (-> N\/A)\r\nlts\/argon -> v4.9.1 (-> N\/A)\r\nlts\/boron -> v6.17.1 (-> N\/A)\r\nlts\/carbon -> v8.17.0 (-> N\/A)\r\nlts\/dubnium -> v10.24.1 (-> N\/A)\r\nlts\/erbium -> v12.22.12 (-> N\/A)\r\nlts\/fermium -> v14.21.2\r\nlts\/gallium -> v16.19.0 (-> N\/A)\r\nlts\/hydrogen -> v18.13.0 (-> N\/A)<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nBu takma adlara dayal\u0131 bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc de y\u00fckleyebilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, en son uzun vadeli destek s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc olan Hydrogen'i y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in \u015funu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\nnvm install lts\/hydrogen<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\nOutput\r\nDownloading and installing node v18.13.0...\r\n. . .\r\nNow using node v18.13.0 (npm v8.19.3)<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nnvm komutunu kullanarak y\u00fckl\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f yapabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
\nnvm use v14.10.0<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\nOutput\r\nNow using node v14.10.0 (npm v6.14.8)\r\n```\r\nYou can verify that the install was successful using the same technique from the other sections:\r\n```command\r\nnode -v<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\nOutput\r\nv14.10.0<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nBeklendi\u011fi gibi, makinenize Node'un do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc y\u00fcklendi. Uyumlu bir npm s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc de mevcut.<\/p>\n
Node.js'i kald\u0131r\u0131n<\/h2>\n
Node.js'i nas\u0131l kurdu\u011funuza ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak apt veya nvm remove kullanarak kald\u0131rabilirsiniz. Sistem depolar\u0131ndan bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in apt remove komutunu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\nsudo apt remove nodejs<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nVarsay\u0131lan olarak, `apt remove` komutu kurulumdan beri olu\u015fturulan yerel yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 korur. Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 daha sonra kullanmak \u00fczere kaydetmek istemiyorsan\u0131z, `apt purge` komutunu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\nsudo apt purge nodejs<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nnvm kullanarak y\u00fckledi\u011finiz bir Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle bunun \u015fu anda etkin s\u00fcr\u00fcm olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyin:<\/p>\n
\nnvm current<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\u0130stedi\u011finiz s\u00fcr\u00fcm \u015fu anda aktif olan s\u00fcr\u00fcm de\u011filse, \u015fu komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
\nnvm uninstall node_version<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n\nOutput\r\nUninstalled node node_version<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nBu komut, se\u00e7ilen Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kald\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kald\u0131rmak istedi\u011finiz s\u00fcr\u00fcm \u015fu anda etkin olan s\u00fcr\u00fcmse, de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinizi uygulayabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle nvm'yi devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\n
\nnvm deactivate<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\nDaha \u00f6nce kullan\u0131lan kald\u0131rma komutunu kullanarak mevcut s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc art\u0131k kald\u0131rabilirsiniz. Bu i\u015flem, hedef Node.js s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcyle ili\u015fkili t\u00fcm dosyalar\u0131 silecektir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n
Ubuntu 20.04 Server \u00fczerinde Node.js'i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yolu vard\u0131r. Hangi y\u00f6ntemin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za en uygun oldu\u011fu, sizin ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131za ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ubuntu deposunda paketlenmi\u015f s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc kullanmak bir y\u00f6ntem olsa da, nvm veya NodeSource PPA'y\u0131 kullanmak daha fazla esneklik sunar.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Giri\u015f Node.js, sunucu taraf\u0131 programlama i\u00e7in bir JavaScript \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131d\u0131r. Geli\u015ftiricilere \u015funlar\u0131 sa\u011flar\u2026","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15772,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0628 Node.js \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648 20.04","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskeywords":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"193","footnotes":""},"categories":[193,363,369],"tags":[384,394,368],"class_list":{"0":"post-15770","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tutorials","8":"category-programming","9":"category-os","10":"tag-java-script","11":"tag-nodejs","12":"tag-ubuntu"},"yoast_head":"\n
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