{"id":16737,"date":"2025-02-02T09:08:53","date_gmt":"2025-02-02T05:38:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/?p=16737"},"modified":"2025-02-02T09:08:53","modified_gmt":"2025-02-02T05:38:53","slug":"disable-ipv6-ubuntu-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/es\/tutorials\/disable-ipv6-ubuntu-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo deshabilitar IPv6 en Ubuntu Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introducci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n

El Protocolo de Internet Versi\u00f3n 6 (IPv6) es la versi\u00f3n m\u00e1s reciente del Protocolo de Internet (IP). Este protocolo de comunicaciones proporciona un sistema para identificar y localizar ordenadores en una red y enruta el tr\u00e1fico a trav\u00e9s de Internet. Se desarroll\u00f3 en 1998 para sustituir al protocolo IPv4.<\/p>\n

IPv6 busca mejorar la seguridad y el rendimiento, a la vez que garantiza que no nos quedemos sin direcciones. Asigna direcciones \u00fanicas globales a cada dispositivo y las almacena en 128 bits, mientras que IPv4 solo utiliza 32 bits.<\/p>\n

Aunque el objetivo es sustituir IPv4 por IPv6, a\u00fan queda mucho camino por recorrer. Menos del 30 % de los sitios web en Internet ofrecen conectividad IPv6 a los usuarios (seguimiento realizado por Google aqu\u00ed). IPv6 tambi\u00e9n puede causar problemas en algunas aplicaciones.<\/p>\n

Dado que las VPN ofrecen servicios globales, el hecho de que IPv6 utilice direcciones de enrutamiento de asignaci\u00f3n global (asignaci\u00f3n \u00fanica) y que (a\u00fan) haya ISP que no ofrezcan compatibilidad con IPv6 relega esta caracter\u00edstica a un segundo plano en su lista de prioridades. De esta manera, pueden centrarse en lo que m\u00e1s importa a los usuarios de VPN: la seguridad.<\/p>\n

Otra posible raz\u00f3n por la que podr\u00edas querer deshabilitar IPv6 en tu sistema es que no quieres exponerte a diversas amenazas. Aunque IPv6 en s\u00ed es m\u00e1s seguro que IPv4, los riesgos a los que me refiero son de otra naturaleza. Si no usas IPv6 activamente y sus funciones, tenerlo habilitado te deja vulnerable a diversos ataques y les da a los hackers otra herramienta para explotar.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, configurar las reglas b\u00e1sicas de red no es suficiente. Debe prestar la misma atenci\u00f3n a los cambios en la configuraci\u00f3n de IPv6 que a los de IPv4. Hacerlo (y mantenerlo) puede ser un fastidio. IPv6 presenta diferentes problemas que IPv4 (y son muchos, dada la antig\u00fcedad del protocolo), lo que a\u00f1ade otra capa de complejidad a su sistema.<\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n se ha observado que deshabilitar IPv6 ayuda a mejorar la velocidad de WiFi en Ubuntu en algunos casos.<\/p>\n

Deshabilitar IPv6 en Ubuntu (solo para usuarios avanzados)<\/h2>\n

En esta secci\u00f3n, explicar\u00e9 c\u00f3mo deshabilitar el protocolo IPv6 en una m\u00e1quina Ubuntu. Abre una terminal (predeterminada: CTRL+ALT+T) y \u00a1manos a la obra!<\/p>\n

Nota: Necesitar\u00e1 privilegios de root (sudo) para la mayor\u00eda de los comandos que ingresar\u00e1 en la terminal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si usas Linux de escritorio con frecuencia y prefieres un sistema operativo estable, evita este tutorial. Es para usuarios avanzados que saben lo que hacen y por qu\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Deshabilitar IPv6 usando Sysctl<\/h2>\n

Primero, aseg\u00farate de tener IPv6 habilitado en tu sistema. Comprueba tu direcci\u00f3n IP en Ubuntu con este comando:<\/p>\n

\n
ip a\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Si una direcci\u00f3n IPv6 est\u00e1 activa, deber\u00eda ver (el nombre de su tarjeta de Internet puede ser diferente):<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Quiz\u00e1s hayas visto el comando sysctl en el tutorial sobre c\u00f3mo reiniciar la red en Ubuntu. Lo usaremos tambi\u00e9n aqu\u00ed. Para deshabilitar IPv6, solo necesitas introducir 3 comandos:<\/p>\n
\n
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1\r\nsudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1\r\nsudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=1<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Puedes comprobarlo usando:<\/p>\n
\n
ip a\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
No deber\u00eda ver la entrada IPv6:<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Sin embargo, esto solo desactiva IPv6 temporalmente. La pr\u00f3xima vez que el sistema se inicie, IPv6 se reactivar\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Una forma de conservar esta opci\u00f3n es modificar el archivo \/etc\/sysctl.conf. Usar\u00e9 vim para editarlo, pero puedes usar cualquier editor que prefieras. Aseg\u00farate de tener privilegios de root (usa sudo):<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Agrega las siguientes l\u00edneas al archivo:<\/p>\n
\n
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1\r\nnet.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=1\r\nnet.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=1<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Para aplicar configuraciones desde:<\/p>\n
\n
sudo sysctl -p\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Si IPv6 sigue habilitado despu\u00e9s de reiniciar, deber\u00e1 crear el archivo \/etc\/rc.local (con privilegios de root).<\/p>\n
\u26a0\ufe0f El contenido del archivo es diferente para las versiones m\u00e1s nuevas de Ubuntu.<\/span><\/p>\n
Para Ubuntu 22.04 y versiones anteriores, use esto en el archivo \/etc\/rc.local:<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
#!\/bin\/bash\r\n# \/etc\/rc.local\r\n\/etc\/sysctl.d\r\n\/etc\/init.d\/procps restart\r\nexit 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Para Ubuntu 24.04 y posteriores, utilice esto en su lugar:<\/p>\n
\n
#!\/bin\/bash\r\n# \/etc\/rc.local\r\n\/sbin\/sysctl -p\/etc\/sysctl.conf\r\n\/etc\/init.d\/procps restart\r\nexit 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Ahora use el comando chmod para hacer que el archivo sea ejecutable:<\/p>\n
\n
sudo chmod 755 \/etc\/rc.local\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Esto lee manualmente (durante el tiempo de arranque) los par\u00e1metros del kernel desde su archivo de configuraci\u00f3n sysctl.<\/p>\n
2. Deshabilite IPv6 mediante GRUB<\/h2>\n
Un m\u00e9todo alternativo es configurar GRUB para que env\u00ede par\u00e1metros del kernel al arrancar. Deber\u00e1 editar \/etc\/default\/grub. Aseg\u00farese de tener privilegios de administrador:<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Ahora necesita cambiar GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT y GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX para deshabilitar IPv6 en el arranque:<\/p>\n
\n
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=\"quiet splash ipv6.disable=1\"\r\nGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\"ipv6.disable=1\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Guarde el archivo y ejecute el comando update-grub:<\/p>\n
\n
sudo update-grub\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
La configuraci\u00f3n ahora deber\u00eda persistir despu\u00e9s de los reinicios.<\/p>\n
Rehabilitar IPv6 en Ubuntu<\/h2>\n
Para volver a habilitar IPv6, debe deshacer los cambios realizados. Para habilitar IPv6 hasta el reinicio, introduzca:<\/p>\n
\n
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=0\r\nsudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=0\r\nsudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=0<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
De lo contrario, si modific\u00f3 \/etc\/sysctl.conf, puede eliminar las l\u00edneas que agreg\u00f3 o cambiarlas a:<\/p>\n
\n
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=0\r\nnet.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6=0\r\nnet.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6=0<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Opcionalmente, puedes recargar estos valores:<\/p>\n
\n
sudo sysctl -p\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Deber\u00edas ver una direcci\u00f3n IPv6 una vez m\u00e1s:<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Opcionalmente, puede eliminar \/etc\/rc.local:<\/p>\n
\n
sudo rm \/etc\/rc.local\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Si cambi\u00f3 los par\u00e1metros del kernel en \/etc\/default\/grub, contin\u00fae y elimine las opciones agregadas:<\/p>\n
\n
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=\"quiet splash\"\r\nGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\"\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Hazlo ahora:<\/p>\n
\n
sudo update-grub\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Resultado<\/h2>\n
En esta gu\u00eda, le proporcion\u00e9 formas a trav\u00e9s de las cuales puede deshabilitar IPv6 en Linux, y tambi\u00e9n le di una idea de qu\u00e9 es IPv6 y por qu\u00e9 podr\u00eda querer deshabilitarlo.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Introducci\u00f3n. El Protocolo de Internet versi\u00f3n 6 (IPv6) es la versi\u00f3n m\u00e1s reciente del Protocolo de Internet (IP). Este protocolo de comunicaci\u00f3n es un sistema de identificaci\u00f3n\u2026","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16745,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 IPv6 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskeywords":"[]","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"193","footnotes":""},"categories":[193,369],"tags":[368],"class_list":{"0":"post-16737","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tutorials","8":"category-os","9":"tag-ubuntu"},"yoast_head":"\n\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 IPv6 \u062f\u0631 \u0644\u06cc\u0646\u0648\u06a9\u0633 \u0627\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648 - 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