{"id":16521,"date":"2024-12-15T01:17:53","date_gmt":"2024-12-14T21:47:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/?p=16521"},"modified":"2024-12-15T01:17:53","modified_gmt":"2024-12-14T21:47:53","slug":"how-to-connect-mongodb-with-node-js-using-mongoose","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/es\/tutorials\/how-to-connect-mongodb-with-node-js-using-mongoose\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfC\u00f3mo conectar MongoDB a NODE.JS usando MONGOOSE?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introducci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n

MongoDB es la base de datos NoSQL m\u00e1s popular. Almacena datos en colecciones. Los registros individuales de la colecci\u00f3n se denominan documentos y tienen una estructura clave-valor similar a la de los datos JSON. MongoDB es la opci\u00f3n preferida por su rendimiento, flexibilidad y escalabilidad.<\/p>\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 es una mangosta?<\/h2>\n

Mongoose es una biblioteca de modelado de datos de objetos (ODM) basada en promesas para el framework Node.js. Mongoose simplifica la interacci\u00f3n con la base de datos MongoDB. Permite crear y modelar esquemas MongoDB, lo que evita la necesidad de escribir consultas o esquemas complejos. Mongoose permite modelar los datos que se almacenan en MongoDB.
\nEsta gu\u00eda le ayudar\u00e1 a comprender c\u00f3mo conectar MongoDB a Node.js usando Mongoose.<\/p>\n

Requisito previo:<\/h5>\n

Para seguir esta gu\u00eda, aseg\u00farese de tener Node.js instalado en su computadora. MongoDB est\u00e1 instalado en su computadora o configurado en una cuenta en la nube de MongoDB Atlas. Conocimientos b\u00e1sicos sobre la creaci\u00f3n de servidores Node.js. Postman est\u00e1 instalado. Configuraci\u00f3n de un proyecto Node.js Mongoose. Para crear un proyecto Node.js Mongoose, vaya a la carpeta deseada y ejecute npm init -y. Luego, instale los siguientes paquetes: Express: para crear un servidor HTTP Node.js. Mongoose: un ODM para MongoDB en Node.js.<\/p>\n

\n
npm install mongoose --save\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
C\u00f3mo comunicarse con Mongoose y MongoDB en Node.js Para comunicarse con Mongoose mediante Mongoose, cree un archivo llamado db.js y configure la conexi\u00f3n de Mongoose de la siguiente manera:<\/p>\n
Importar la biblioteca Mongoose:<\/h2>\n
\n
const connectDB = async () => {\r\ntry {\r\nconst conn = await mongoose.connect(`mongodb:\/\/localhost:27017\/test`, {\r\nuseNewUrlParser: true,\r\n});\r\nconsole.log(`MongoDB Connected: {conn.connection.host}`);\r\n} catch (error) {\r\nconsole.error(error.message);\r\nprocess.exit(1);\r\n}\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
El MongoDB que se usa aqu\u00ed se ejecuta localmente. Por lo tanto, Mongoose crea una conexi\u00f3n a [nombre de la base de datos]. Aseg\u00farese de introducir la URI correcta que conecta con su instalaci\u00f3n local de MongoDB o con MongoDB Atlas cloud.mongodb:\/\/localhost:27017test.<\/p>\n
Finalmente, exporte la funci\u00f3n connectDB:<\/p>\n
\n
module.exports = connectDB;<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Indica e importa el archivo db.js:<\/p>\n
\n
const express = require('express');\r\nconst connectDB = require('.\/db'); <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Agregue el middleware y el analizador Express:<\/p>\n
\n
\/\/ express\r\nconst app = express();\r\n\/\/body parser\r\napp.use(express.json());<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Ejecute la funci\u00f3n connectDB():<\/p>\n
\n
\/\/connect to database\r\nconnectDB();<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Agregar la ra\u00edz del servidor:<\/p>\n
\n
\/\/ routes\r\n\/\/ We will add these routes later in this guide.<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Ejecute el programa en el puerto local:<\/p>\n
\n
onst PORT = process.env.PORT || 5000;\r\napp.listen(PORT, () => console.log(`Server running on port {PORT}`));<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Modelar un esquema usando Mongoose<\/h2>\n
Un modelo define un esquema de colecci\u00f3n en una base de datos MongoDB. Cree un archivo model.js y un esquema de colecci\u00f3n Mongoose como se indica a continuaci\u00f3n:<\/p>\n
\n
const {\r\nSchema,\r\nmodel\r\n} = require(\"mongoose\");\r\nconst MySchema = new Schema({\r\nname: {\r\ntype: String,\r\nrequired: true,\r\nmaxlength: 50\r\n},\r\ncreatedAt: {\r\ntype: Date,\r\ndefault: Date.now,\r\n},\r\n});\r\nconst TaskModel = model(\"test\", MySchema)\r\nmodule.exports = TaskModel<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Aqu\u00ed, creamos una funci\u00f3n MySchema que ejecuta el m\u00e9todo mongoose.Schema. Este m\u00e9todo configura el esquema que Mongoose ejecuta en MongoDB. Para crear el esquema, agregue los archivos a su documento. En este caso, agregamos dos campos:
\nUn nombre: En el c\u00f3digo anterior, este campo se crea como una cadena con una longitud m\u00e1xima de cincuenta caracteres. El valor "Requerido" es verdadero para indicar que todos los documentos deben contener este campo.
\nUn campo createAt especifica la hora de creaci\u00f3n del documento. El tipo de fecha de creaci\u00f3n predeterminado es la fecha actual.<\/p>\n
Agregue datos a la base de datos utilizando el esquema Mongoose:<\/p>\n
Para agregar datos a la base de datos, cree un archivo controller.js.
\nImportar MySchema desde el archivo de modelo const Task = require('.\/model');
\nA\u00f1ade una tarea al conjunto de tareas. Esto especifica la ruta POST.<\/p>\n
\n
exports.createTask = async (req, res) => {\r\ntry {\r\n\/\/ get the task from the body\r\nconst taskData = await req.body;\r\n\/\/create a new task then save\r\nawait Task.create(taskData)\r\n.then((createdTask) => {\r\nif (!createdTask) return res.status(404)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nmessage: \"Task creation failed\",\r\nerror: \"Unable get created task\"\r\n})\r\nres.status(201)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: true,\r\ncreatedTask\r\n})\r\n})\r\n.catch((error) => {\r\nres.status(404)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nerror: error.message\r\n})\r\n})\r\n} catch (error) {\r\nres.status(500)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nmessage: \"Internal server error\"\r\n})\r\n}\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Recuperar todas las tareas:<\/h2>\n
A\u00f1ade este c\u00f3digo al archivo controller.js. Esto especifica la ruta GET.<\/p>\n
\n
exports.createTask = async (req, res) => {\r\ntry {\r\n\/\/ get the task from the body\r\nconst taskData = await req.body;\r\n\/\/create a new task then save\r\nawait Task.create(taskData)\r\n.then((createdTask) => {\r\nif (!createdTask) return res.status(404)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nmessage: \"Task creation failed\",\r\nerror: \"Unable get created task\"\r\n})\r\nres.status(201)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: true,\r\ncreatedTask\r\n})\r\n})\r\n.catch((error) => {\r\nres.status(404)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nerror: error.message\r\n})\r\n})\r\n} catch (error) {\r\nres.status(500)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nmessage: \"Internal server error\"\r\n})\r\n}\r\n}\r\nexports.getTasks = async (req, res) => {\r\n\/\/get all the data in the model and return it as response\r\ntry {\r\nTask.find()\r\n.then((allTasks) => {\r\nres.status(200)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: true,\r\nallTasks\r\n})\r\n})\r\n.catch((error) => {\r\nres.status(404)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nmessage: \"Cant fined \",\r\nerror\r\n})\r\n})\r\n} catch (error) {\r\nres.status(500)\r\n.json({\r\nsuccess: false,\r\nmessage: \"Internal server error\",\r\nerror: error.message\r\n})\r\n}\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Crear ruta:<\/h2>\n
Cree una ruta para ejecutar los controladores mencionados. Cree un nuevo archivo llamado routes.js y agregue el siguiente c\u00f3digo:<\/p>\n
\n
const router = require(\"express\")\r\n.Router()\r\nconst controller = require('.\/controller')\r\nrouter\r\n.post('\/', controller.createTask)\r\n.get('\/', controller.getTasks)\r\nmodule.exports = router<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Finalmente, ejecute estas rutas dentro del archivo server.js.<\/p>\n
\n
const router = require('.\/routes')\r\napp.use('\/tasks', router)<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Para agregar una nueva tarea, env\u00ede una solicitud POST utilizando Postman de la siguiente manera:<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Para recuperar las tareas agregadas, env\u00ede una solicitud GET utilizando Postman de la siguiente manera:<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n
Puede ver las tareas agregadas accediendo a su base de datos MongoDB:<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Introducci\u00f3n: MongoDB es la base de datos NoSQL m\u00e1s popular. Almacena datos en colecciones. Registros\u2026","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16523,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 mongodb \u0628\u0647 Node.js \u0628\u0627 mongoose","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskeywords":"[]","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"193","footnotes":""},"categories":[193,363,349],"tags":[403,460,394,435],"class_list":{"0":"post-16521","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tutorials","8":"category-programming","9":"category-database","10":"tag-data-base","11":"tag-mongodb","12":"tag-nodejs","13":"tag-programming"},"yoast_head":"\n\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 MongoDB \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 NODE.JS \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 MONGOOSE \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u061f - 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