{"id":15776,"date":"2024-06-27T19:23:42","date_gmt":"2024-06-27T15:53:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/?p=15776"},"modified":"2024-06-27T19:23:42","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T15:53:42","slug":"how-to-install-node-js-and-create-a-local-development-environment-on-macos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/es\/tutorials\/how-to-install-node-js-and-create-a-local-development-environment-on-macos\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo instalar Node.js y crear un entorno de desarrollo local en macOS"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introducci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n

Node.js es un entorno de ejecuci\u00f3n de JavaScript de c\u00f3digo abierto que facilita la creaci\u00f3n de aplicaciones del lado del servidor. Tambi\u00e9n es el entorno de ejecuci\u00f3n que impulsa muchas herramientas de desarrollo del lado del cliente para frameworks de JavaScript modernos.<\/p>\n

En este tutorial, configurar\u00e1 un entorno de desarrollo Node.js en su m\u00e1quina macOS local usando Homebrew y probar\u00e1 su entorno escribiendo una aplicaci\u00f3n Node.js simple.<\/p>\n

Requisitos previos<\/h5>\n

Necesita una computadora macOS con High Sierra o superior con acceso administrativo y una conexi\u00f3n a Internet.<\/p>\n

Paso 1: Uso de la terminal de macOS<\/h2>\n

Utilizar\u00e1s la l\u00ednea de comandos para instalar Node.js y ejecutar diversos comandos relacionados con el desarrollo de aplicaciones Node.js. La l\u00ednea de comandos es una forma no gr\u00e1fica de interactuar con tu ordenador. En lugar de hacer clic con el rat\u00f3n, escribes comandos como texto y recibes informaci\u00f3n textual. La l\u00ednea de comandos, tambi\u00e9n conocida como shell, te permite automatizar muchas de las tareas que realizas a diario en tu ordenador y es una herramienta esencial para los desarrolladores de software.<\/p>\n

Para acceder a la interfaz de l\u00ednea de comandos, usar\u00e1s la aplicaci\u00f3n Terminal de macOS. Como cualquier otra aplicaci\u00f3n, puedes encontrarla en el Finder, dirigi\u00e9ndote a la carpeta Aplicaciones y luego a la carpeta Utilidades. Desde all\u00ed, haz doble clic en la aplicaci\u00f3n Terminal para abrirla. Tambi\u00e9n puedes usar Spotlight manteniendo pulsada la tecla COMANDO y pulsando la barra espaciadora para encontrar Terminal escribi\u00e9ndolo en el cuadro que aparece.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ahora que la terminal est\u00e1 funcionando, instalemos algunos de los requisitos previos necesarios para Node.js.<\/p>\n

Paso 2: Instalar las herramientas de l\u00ednea de comandos de Xcode<\/h2>\n

Xcode es un entorno de desarrollo integrado (IDE) que incluye herramientas de desarrollo de software para macOS. No se necesita Xcode para escribir aplicaciones Node.js, pero Node.js y algunos de sus componentes dependen del paquete de herramientas de l\u00ednea de comandos de Xcode.<\/p>\n

Para descargar e instalar estos componentes, ejecute este comando en la terminal:<\/p>\n

\n
xcode-select --install<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Se le solicitar\u00e1 que inicie la instalaci\u00f3n y, a continuaci\u00f3n, que acepte la licencia del software. Las herramientas se descargar\u00e1n e instalar\u00e1n autom\u00e1ticamente.<\/p>\n
Ahora estamos listos para instalar el administrador de paquetes Homebrew, que nos permitir\u00e1 instalar la \u00faltima versi\u00f3n de Node.js.<\/p>\n
Paso 3: Instalaci\u00f3n y configuraci\u00f3n de Homebrew<\/h2>\n
Si bien la interfaz de l\u00ednea de comandos de macOS comparte muchas de las mismas funciones que Linux y otros sistemas tipo Unix, no incluye un buen gestor de paquetes. Un gestor de paquetes es un conjunto de herramientas de software que automatizan la instalaci\u00f3n, configuraci\u00f3n y actualizaci\u00f3n de software. Mantienen el software que instalas en una ubicaci\u00f3n central y pueden mantener todos los paquetes de software de tu sistema en formatos comunes. Homebrew es un sistema de gesti\u00f3n de paquetes gratuito y de c\u00f3digo abierto que simplifica la instalaci\u00f3n de software en macOS. Usaremos Homebrew para instalar la \u00faltima versi\u00f3n de Node.js.<\/p>\n
Para instalar Homebrew, escriba este comando en su ventana de terminal:<\/p>\n
\n
\/usr\/bin\/ruby -e \"$(curl -fsSL https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/Homebrew\/install\/master\/install)\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Este comando usa curl para descargar el script de instalaci\u00f3n de Homebrew desde el repositorio Git de Homebrew en GitHub.<\/p>\n
Repasemos las banderas asociadas con el comando curl:<\/p>\n
    \n
  • El indicador -f o \u2013fail le indica a la ventana del terminal que no proporcione ninguna salida de documento HTML en caso de errores del servidor.<\/li>\n
  • El indicador -s o --silent silencia curl para que no muestre el medidor de progreso y, combinado con el indicador -S o --show-error, garantiza que curl muestre un mensaje de error si falla.<\/li>\n
  • El indicador -L o --location indica a curl que gestione las redirecciones. Si el servidor informa que la p\u00e1gina solicitada se ha movido a otra ubicaci\u00f3n, volver\u00e1 a ejecutar la solicitud autom\u00e1ticamente utilizando la nueva ubicaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    Una vez que curl descarga el script, \u00e9ste lo ejecuta el int\u00e9rprete de Ruby que viene con macOS, iniciando as\u00ed el proceso de instalaci\u00f3n de Homebrew.<\/p>\n
    El script de instalaci\u00f3n le explicar\u00e1 qu\u00e9 har\u00e1 y le pedir\u00e1 que confirme que desea hacerlo. Esto le permitir\u00e1 ver exactamente qu\u00e9 har\u00e1 Homebrew en su sistema antes de permitirle hacerlo. Tambi\u00e9n le asegurar\u00e1 que cumple con los requisitos previos necesarios antes de continuar.<\/p>\n
    Se le pedir\u00e1 que ingrese su contrase\u00f1a durante el proceso. Sin embargo, sus pulsaciones de teclado no se mostrar\u00e1n en la ventana de Terminal al escribirla. Esto es una medida de seguridad y es algo que ver\u00e1 a menudo cuando se le solicite una contrase\u00f1a en la l\u00ednea de comandos. Aunque no las vea, el sistema registra sus pulsaciones de teclado, as\u00ed que presione la tecla RETORNO despu\u00e9s de ingresarla.<\/p>\n
    Cada vez que se le solicite que confirme la instalaci\u00f3n, presione la letra y para \u201cs\u00ed\u201d.<\/p>\n
    Ahora, verifiquemos que Homebrew est\u00e9 configurado correctamente. Ejecute este comando:<\/p>\n
    \n
    \n
    brew doctor<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    Si no se necesita ninguna actualizaci\u00f3n en este momento, ver\u00e1 esto en su terminal:<\/p>\n
    \n
    Output\r\nYour system is ready to brew.<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    De lo contrario, es posible que reciba una advertencia para ejecutar otro comando, como brew update, para garantizar que su instalaci\u00f3n de Homebrew est\u00e9 actualizada.<\/p>\n
    Ahora que Homebrew est\u00e1 instalado, puedes instalar Node.js.<\/p>\n
    Paso 4 \u2013 Instalar Node.js<\/h2>\n
    Al instalar Homebrew, puedes instalar una amplia gama de software y herramientas de desarrollo. Lo usaremos para instalar Node.js y sus dependencias.<\/p>\n
    Puedes usar Homebrew para buscar todo lo que puedas instalar con el comando brew search, pero para darnos una lista m\u00e1s corta, busquemos paquetes relacionados con Node.js:<\/p>\n
    \n
    brew search nodejs<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    Ver\u00e1s una lista de paquetes que puedes instalar, como esta:<\/p>\n
    \n
    Output\r\n==> Formulae\r\nnode.js\r\nnodejs<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    Ambos paquetes instalan Node.js en tu sistema. Est\u00e1n ah\u00ed por si no recuerdas si necesitas usar nodejs o node.js.<\/p>\n
    Para instalar el paquete nodejs, ejecute este comando:<\/p>\n
    \n
    brew install nodejs<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    Ver\u00e1 un resultado similar al siguiente en su terminal. Homebrew instalar\u00e1 muchas dependencias, pero finalmente descargar\u00e1 e instalar\u00e1 Node.js:<\/p>\n
    \n
    Output\r\n==> Installing dependencies for node: icu4c\r\n==> Installing node dependency: icu4c\r\n==> Installing node\r\n==> Downloading https:\/\/homebrew.bintray.com\/bottles\/node-11.0.0.sierra.bottle.tar.gz\r\n######################################################################## 100.0%\r\n==> Pouring node-11.0.0.sierra.bottle.tar.gz\r\n...\r\n==> Summary\r\n\ud83c\udf7a \/usr\/local\/Cellar\/node\/11.0.0: 3,936 files, 50.1MB<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    Adem\u00e1s de Node.js en s\u00ed, Homebrew instala algunas herramientas relacionadas, incluido npm, que facilita la instalaci\u00f3n y actualizaci\u00f3n de bibliotecas y paquetes de Node.js que pueda usar en sus proyectos.<\/p>\n
    Para comprobar la versi\u00f3n de Node.js que tienes instalada, escribe<\/p>\n
    \n
    node -v<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    Esto mostrar\u00e1 la versi\u00f3n espec\u00edfica de Node.js que est\u00e1 instalada actualmente, que por defecto es la versi\u00f3n estable m\u00e1s actualizada de Node.js disponible.<\/p>\n
    \n
    Output\r\nv11.0.0<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    Compruebe la versi\u00f3n de npm:<\/p>\n
    \n
    npm -v<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    Ver\u00e1s la versi\u00f3n mostrada:<\/p>\n
    \n
    Output\r\n6.4.1<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    Utilizar\u00e1 npm para instalar componentes, bibliotecas y marcos adicionales.<\/p>\n
    Para actualizar su versi\u00f3n de Node.js, primero puede actualizar Homebrew para obtener la \u00faltima lista de paquetes y luego actualizar Node.js:<\/p>\n
    \n
    brew update\r\nbrew upgrade nodejs<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    Ahora que Node.js est\u00e1 instalado, escribamos un programa para asegurarnos de que todo funcione.<\/p>\n
    Paso 5 \u2013 Crea una aplicaci\u00f3n sencilla<\/h2>\n
    Creemos una aplicaci\u00f3n sencilla de "Hola Mundo". Esto garantizar\u00e1 el funcionamiento de nuestro entorno y te permitir\u00e1 familiarizarte con la creaci\u00f3n y ejecuci\u00f3n de aplicaciones Node.js.<\/p>\n
    Para hacer esto, crea un nuevo archivo llamado hello.js usando nano:<\/p>\n
    \n
    nano hello.js<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    Escriba el siguiente c\u00f3digo en el archivo:<\/p>\n
    \n
    let message = \"Hello, World!\";\r\nconsole.log(message);<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    Salga del editor presionando CTRL+X. Luego, presione y cuando se le solicite guardar el archivo. Volver\u00e1 a su solicitud.<\/p>\n
    Ahora ejecute el programa con el siguiente comando:<\/p>\n
    \n
    node hello.js<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    El programa se ejecuta y muestra su salida en la pantalla:<\/p>\n
    \n
    Output\r\nHello, World!<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    Este sencillo programa demuestra que tienes un entorno de desarrollo funcional. Puedes usarlo para seguir explorando Node.js y crear proyectos m\u00e1s grandes e interesantes.<\/p>\n
    Resultado<\/h2>\n
    Has instalado Node.js y npm correctamente, y has probado tu configuraci\u00f3n creando y ejecutando una aplicaci\u00f3n sencilla. Ahora puedes usarla para desarrollar aplicaciones del lado del cliente o del servidor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Introducci\u00f3n Node.js es un entorno de ejecuci\u00f3n de JavaScript de c\u00f3digo abierto para crear f\u00e1cilmente aplicaciones del lado del servidor.\u2026","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15779,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0628 Node.js \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 macOS","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_opengraph-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-description":"","_yoast_wpseo_twitter-image":"","_yoast_wpseo_focuskeywords":"","_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"193","footnotes":""},"categories":[193,363],"tags":[427,432,394],"class_list":{"0":"post-15776","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tutorials","8":"category-programming","9":"tag-development","10":"tag-macos","11":"tag-nodejs"},"yoast_head":"\n\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0646\u0635\u0628 Node.js \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 macOS - 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