{"id":14459,"date":"2024-01-06T11:37:31","date_gmt":"2024-01-06T08:07:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/?p=14459"},"modified":"2024-01-06T11:37:31","modified_gmt":"2024-01-06T08:07:31","slug":"optimize-journalctl-to-save-server-disk-space-in-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.itpiran.net\/blog\/es\/tutorials\/optimize-journalctl-to-save-server-disk-space-in-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Optimiza el espacio en disco de Linux mediante journalctl"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introducci\u00f3n<\/span><\/h2>\n

Como administrador de sistemas, la gesti\u00f3n de registros es fundamental para mantener el buen estado y el rendimiento de sus servidores Linux. Uno de los principales sistemas de registro en las distribuciones modernas de Linux es el subsistema de registro de systemd, journactl. Con el tiempo, los registros pueden acumularse y consumir una cantidad considerable de espacio en disco, lo que puede causar problemas si este se llena. En este tutorial, explicaremos c\u00f3mo optimizar journalctl para ahorrar espacio en disco del servidor y, al mismo tiempo, garantizar que se conserve la informaci\u00f3n de registro necesaria para la resoluci\u00f3n de problemas y la auditor\u00eda.<\/p>\n

Introducci\u00f3n al registro en diario Journalctl y Systemd <\/strong><\/p>\n

Antes de profundizar en la optimizaci\u00f3n, es importante comprender los conceptos b\u00e1sicos de journalctl y systemd journaling. Systemd journaling es un par de registros que almacena los datos de registro en un formato estructurado e indexado. journalctl es el c\u00f3digo y los comandos utilizados para interactuar con el diario.<\/p>\n

Los registros del registro systemd persisten tras reinicios de forma predeterminada y pueden crecer indefinidamente sin una configuraci\u00f3n adecuada. Aqu\u00ed es donde entra en juego la optimizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Paso 1: Evaluar el uso actual del disco mediante informes de diario<\/h2>\n

Para empezar, evaluemos lo que utilizan actualmente los informes de las revistas espaciales:<\/p>\n

\n
\n
journalctl --disk-usage<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
Este comando le indicar\u00e1 la cantidad total de espacio en disco consumido por los informes de diario.\r\n<\/span><\/pre>\n
\n
Archived and active journals take up 3.5G in the file system.<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
Paso 2: Configuraci\u00f3n de Systemd-journald<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
El diario systemd se configura a trav\u00e9s de un archivo\u00a0<\/span>\/etc\/systemd\/journald.conf<\/code>. Para optimizar el uso del disco, debe editar este archivo.<\/p>\n
\n
\n
sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/journald.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
A continuaci\u00f3n se muestran las configuraciones clave que debes tener en cuenta:<\/p>\n
    \n
  • Uso m\u00e1ximo del sistema<\/code>: Esto establece el espacio m\u00e1ximo que los registros pueden usar en el disco. Una vez alcanzado este l\u00edmite, los registros antiguos se eliminan para dar cabida a los nuevos.<\/li>\n
  • Sistema KeepFree<\/code>:Esto garantiza que systemd siempre deje una cierta cantidad de espacio libre en el disco.<\/li>\n
  • M\u00e1xima retenci\u00f3n en segundos<\/code>: Esto establece el tiempo m\u00e1ximo de almacenamiento de las entradas del registro. Las entradas anteriores se eliminar\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
  • M\u00e1ximo de segundos de archivo<\/code>:Esto establece el tiempo m\u00e1ximo antes de que se inicie un nuevo archivo de diario.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    Configure estos ajustes seg\u00fan el tama\u00f1o del disco de su servidor y la cantidad de informaci\u00f3n de registro que necesita conservar. Por ejemplo:<\/p>\n
    \n
    SystemMaxUse=500M\r\nSystemKeepFree=1G\r\nMaxRetentionSec=1month\r\nMaxFileSec=1week<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n
    Estas configuraciones limitan los registros a 500 MB, garantizan que siempre haya al menos 1 GB de espacio libre en disco, conservan los registros hasta por un mes y comienzan un nuevo archivo de registro cada semana.<\/p>\n
    Despu\u00e9s de editar el archivo, guarde los cambios y reinicie el servicio:systemd-journald<\/code> part\u00edcula para objeto directo<\/span> Lanzamiento .<\/span><\/p>\n
    \n
    \n
    sudo systemctl restart systemd-journald<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    Paso 3 \u2013 Corte manual del diario<\/span><\/h2>\n
    Si necesita reducir inmediatamente el uso del espacio en disco, puede truncar el diario manualmente. Para eliminar entradas con una antig\u00fcedad superior a un tiempo determinado, utilice el siguiente c\u00f3digo:<\/p>\n
    \n
    \n
    sudo journalctl --vacuum-time=1month<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    Para limitar el tama\u00f1o del diario a un tama\u00f1o espec\u00edfico, use el c\u00f3digo:<\/p>\n
    \n
    \n
    sudo journalctl --vacuum-size=500M<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
    Estos comandos eliminan entradas m\u00e1s antiguas para respetar el intervalo de tiempo o el l\u00edmite de tama\u00f1o establecido.<\/p>\n
    Paso 4 \u2013 Establecer la rotaci\u00f3n del registro<\/span><\/h2>\n
    <\/code>Mientras systemd-journald<\/code> Realiza su rotaci\u00f3n de informes en funci\u00f3n del archivo de configuraci\u00f3n (config), si utiliza otros sistemas de informes junto systemd-journald<\/code> Tambi\u00e9n puede configurar rotaciones de informes adicionales. Por ejemplo, logrotate<\/code> Es una herramienta que rota, comprime y env\u00eda por correo electr\u00f3nico los registros del sistema. Puede configurarla editando sus archivos de configuraci\u00f3n en \/etc\/logrotate.conf<\/code> y \/etc\/logrotate.d logrotate <\/code>Configurar.<\/p>\n
    Conclusi\u00f3n<\/span><\/h2>\n
    Mejoramiento journalctl<\/code> Un paso clave en la administraci\u00f3n del espacio en disco de su servidor Linux es configurar\u00a0systemd-journald<\/code>Al truncar manualmente los registros, configurar la rotaci\u00f3n de registros y supervisar el uso del disco, puede garantizar que su servidor funcione eficientemente sin quedarse sin espacio en disco debido a archivos de registro sobrecargados. Recuerde equilibrar la necesidad de espacio en disco con la necesidad de suficientes datos de registro para el an\u00e1lisis y la resoluci\u00f3n de problemas. Revisar y ajustar peri\u00f3dicamente la configuraci\u00f3n de registro le ayudar\u00e1 a mantener una configuraci\u00f3n \u00f3ptima.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Introducci\u00f3n Como administrador de sistemas, la gesti\u00f3n de registros es una parte importante del mantenimiento del buen funcionamiento y el rendimiento de sus servidores Linux\u2026","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14460,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 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